英:['nju:mən]
美:['njumən]
英:['nju:mən]
美:['njumən]
noun
a spiritual force or influence often identified with a natural object, phenomenon, or place
"神灵,主宰神明",1620年代,源自拉丁语 numen "神圣的意志,神性",字面意思是"点头"(概念是"通过点头表示的神圣批准"),来自 nuere "点头"(表示同意); 参见 numinous。
Latin, nod, divine will, numen; akin to Latin nutare to nod, Greek neuein
The first known use of numen was in the 15th century
1 He looked at her, inquiring of her whole person what numen abode in the fane.
2 The deities are already clear-cut, individual personalities of distinct ethos, plastically shaped figures such as the later sculpture and painting could work upon, not vaguely conceived numina like the forms of the old Roman religion.
3 Accordingly, not only did these long for a revelation which would give a fresh attestation to old truth, but they yearned for a force, a real redemption, a præsens numen, and some new thing.
4 These are not functional numina, but foreigners whose ways were only known to the manipulators of the Sibylline utterances.
5 The word thus gradually lost its original meaning; the nameless local genii became an expression for the universality of the divinum numen and were sometimes identified with the higher gods.
6 But the symbol carried with it the numen of the goddess symbolized, and there can be little doubt that Ashērah came to be regarded as Yahweh’s consort.
7 The only certain result that we can win from the study of these adjectival titles is that they represent a transition between animism and polytheism, a transition exactly expressed by the one word numen.
8 The idea of conforming 365his life to the will of any of these numina would, of course, be absolutely strange to him—the expression would have no meaning whatever for him.
9 Standing at the summit was a mountain god—one of the numina montanum, Jason had called them.
10 But for the most part the numina were without even such symbolic representation, nor till about the end of the regal period was any form of temple built for them to dwell in.
11 Such ideas of the divine must have forced men's religious ideas clean away from the Power manifesting itself in the universe, and must have dragged down the Roman numina with them in their corrupting degradation.
12 But the eidolon, or likeness, became an idol; the nomen, or name, lapsed into a numen, or demon, as soon as they were drawn away from their original intention.
13 The-worship of images in all times and places is essentially founded on this belief in the incarnation of spirits and the numen of fetishes.
14 Those of the City-state are numina, marking a transition from animism to polytheism.
15 A chief sign of the divine afflatus," says Jamblichus, citing Porphyry, "is, that he who induces the numen into himself, sees the spirit descending, and its quantity and quality.
16 But the principle is perfectly clear—that the person who is to represent the community in worship must be one of whom the numina openly express approval.
17 It is the triumph of the theory of nomina numina; we need not return to it.
18 Accordingly, the baals are not to be regarded necessarily as local variations of one and the same god, like the many Virgins or Madonnas of Catholic lands, but as distinct numina.
19 In no department of life is the specialisation of function among the numina more conspicuous than in connection with birth and childhood.
20 The worshipper consequently longed to find a "præsens numen" and the revelation of him in the cultus, and hoped to put himself in possession of the Deity by asceticism and mysterious rites.