英:[zɑ:, tsɑ:]
美:[zɑr, tsɑr]
英:[zɑ:, tsɑ:]
美:[zɑr, tsɑr]
n.
(帝俄的)皇帝
沙皇
独裁者
独揽大权者
czardom (n.)
词根:czar
adj.czarist 沙皇的;俄国帝制的;专制的
n.czarist 拥护独裁政治者
noun
a king or ruler, esp. the emperor of historic Russia.
a tyrannical ruler.
any person holding a position of great public power in some area.The President's Cabinet includes his appointed energy czar.
俄罗斯皇帝的普通称号,1550年代起源于俄语 tsar,源自古斯拉夫语 tsesari,又来自哥特语 kaisar,再往前追溯到希腊语 kaisar,最初源自拉丁语 Caesar。这个称号最早由俄罗斯沙皇伊凡四世在1547年采用。
The spelling with cz- is against the usage of all Slavonic languages; the word was so spelt by Herberstein, Rerum Moscovit. Commentarii, 1549, the chief early source of knowledge as to Russia in Western Europe, whence it passed into the Western Languages generally; in some of these it is now old-fashioned; the usual Ger. form is now zar; French adopted tsar during the 19th c. This also became frequent in English towards the end of that century, having been adopted by the Times newspaper as the most suitable English spelling. [OED]
以 cz- 拼写的方式违背了所有斯拉夫语言的用法; 这个词在西欧的主要早期俄罗斯知识来源 Herberstein 的 Rerum Moscovit. Commentarii 的拼写方式如此,从那里传入了西方语言; 在其中一些语言中,这个拼写方式现在已经过时; 德语的通常形式现在是 zar; 法语在19世纪采用了 tsar。这个拼写方式在19世纪末也在英语中变得常见,因为它被 Times 报纸采用为最合适的英语拼写方式。[OED]
这个词的日耳曼形式也是芬兰语 keisari 和爱沙尼亚语 keisar 的来源。转义义项“拥有独裁权力的人”最早记录于1866年的美国英语,最初指的是安德鲁·约翰逊总统。女性形式 czarina 于1717年出现,源自意大利语 czarina,再来自德语 Zarin 的女性形式 Zar "czar"。俄语的女性形式是 tsaritsa。他的儿子是 tsarevitch,他的女儿是 tsarevna。
New Latin czar, from Russian tsar', from Old Russian tsĭsarĭ, from Goth kaisar, from Greek or Latin; Greek, from Latin Caesar — more at caesar
The first known use of czar was in 1555
dabbleverb
to wet by splashing : spatter
to paddle or play in or as if in water
to reach with the bill to the bottom of shallow water to obtain food
ducks dabbled in the pond
to work or concern oneself lightly or without deep involvement
they dabble in poetry
dab1 of 3noun
a quick blow or thrust : poke
a gentle touch or stroke : pat
dab2 of 3verb
to strike or touch lightly
dabs at her eyes with a handkerchief
to apply with quick light strokes : daub
dab3 of 3noun
smear entry 1 sense 1, daub
a small amount
just a dab more ice cream
dab1 of 3noun
a quick blow or thrust : poke
a gentle touch or stroke : pat
dab2 of 3verb
to strike or touch lightly
dabs at her eyes with a handkerchief
to apply with quick light strokes : daub
dab3 of 3noun
smear entry 1 sense 1, daub
a small amount
just a dab more ice cream
dab1 of 3noun
a quick blow or thrust : poke
a gentle touch or stroke : pat
dab2 of 3verb
to strike or touch lightly
dabs at her eyes with a handkerchief
to apply with quick light strokes : daub
dab3 of 3noun
smear entry 1 sense 1, daub
a small amount
just a dab more ice cream
czarinanoun
the wife of a czar
czarnoun
the ruler of Russia until the 1917 revolution
one having great power or authority
a baseball czar
1 The wedding czar is done; long live whoever I’m about to be.
2 I’m supposed to be playing a drug czar, and he’s asking me about playing Liberace.
3 Adding poignancy to the story is the doom we know awaits the czar and the rest of his immediate family two decades in the future.
4 However, the corruption and incompetence of the czar’s government, along with huge losses on the battlefronts, had eroded the army’s morale and darkened the mood of the Russian public.
5 He tells us the four Asenevtsi Monument horsemen liberated Bulgaria from the Byzantine Empire in the 12th century, then ruled it as czars for most of the next century.
6 Wearing balaclavas, activists protested earlier this month on the iconic Alexander III bridge, named after the Russian czar who was France's ally in the 1890s.
7 Van Rompuy has suggested leaders meet again on July 17 to make other key appointments, including the choice of his own successor and of the EU's foreign policy chief and economics czar.
8 "And I would not be surprised if the new IP czar weighed in on the issue."
9 Surrounded by the forest, I fell asleep on the lounge chair and dreamed there was a czar taking the waters next to me.
10 The House of Fabergé was a workshop, with many hands working on the bejeweled objects that made the studio famous, particularly the Fabergé eggs and other pieces commissioned by the Russian czars.
11 And besides, she added, a favor from the czar might encourage her husband to resume writing works like “Anna Karenina.”
12 Once the aura of the czar was punctured, though, revolution became inevitable.
13 One section, inspired by the jewels Boucheron made for Russia’s Romanovs - family of the czars - included a beautiful curved white gold necklace with white diamonds to represent the Moscow snow.
14 She may also have received less scrutiny because of … Hope Hicks, White House communications czar, and her tuxedo.
15 Though evidence of Medellín’s bright future is everywhere, it’s still fascinating to get up close to the drug czar Pablo Escobar.
16 Rare items that once belonged to Russia's czars and aristocracy include Faberge jewels and gold items dating from as early as the fifth century B.C.
17 He promised to appoint an AIDS czar to deal with the disease.
他许诺任命一位艾滋病大使来应对这种疾病。
18 Mr. Upton drags the story out of the twilight of the czars and into the post-Communist morning after of the mid-1990s.
19 She has said during the program, for example, that she has had to Google the definition of words like ignoramus and czar.
20 Go back to the czars, go back to Lenin and Stalin, you have two options with dissidents.