英:[ˈsɒvrɪn]
美:[ˈsɑːvrɪn]
英:[ˈsɒvrɪn]
美:[ˈsɑːvrɪn]
sov·er·eign
sav rn [or] sa v rihn [or] suhv rn [or] suh v rihn
复数:sovereigns
比较级:more sovereign
最高级:most sovereign
sovereignly (adv.)
词根:sovereign
n.sovereignty 主权;主权国家;君主;独立国
noun
one possessing or held to possess supreme political power or sovereignty
one that exercises supreme authority within a limited sphere
an acknowledged leader : arbiter
any of various gold coins of the United Kingdom
adjective
superlative in quality
of the most exalted kind : supreme
sovereign virtue
having generalized curative powers
a sovereign remedy
of an unqualified nature : unmitigated
sovereign contempt
having undisputed ascendancy : paramount
possessed of supreme power
a sovereign ruler
unlimited in extent : absolute
enjoying autonomy : independent
sovereign states
relating to, characteristic of, or befitting a supreme ruler : royal
a sovereign right
sovereign state主权国;独立国
sovereign wealth fund主权基金(由政府投资)
sovereign debt外债;国债
sovereign power主权;[法]最高权力
sovereign nation主权国家
sovereign risk政治风险;主权风险
sovereign immunityn. 主权豁免权
这组词都有“占优势的,支配其它的”的意思,其区别是:
sovereign侧重指其他事物都从属于或低于它的。
predominant侧重指影响与新近的优势。
dominant强调权威。
以上来源于网络
13世纪末, soverain,“上级,统治者,主人,比另一个人更优越或拥有权力的人”,来自古法语 soverain “君主,领主,统治者”,名词用法意为“最高的,至高的,首席的”(见 sovereign(adj.))。具体来说,到了1300年左右,“国王或女王,行使对人民的统治权,被公认为领域的最高统治者”。还包括教会当局和秩序或房屋的负责人以及当地的市政官员。
中古英语有在其后添加一个非词源性的 -t 的倾向,例如 pheasant, tyrant。拼写也受到民间词源学与 reign 的联系的影响。中古英语 Compendium 列出了38种拼写,包括 suffereignes; 伊丽莎白一世是其中之一,她拼写了七种不同的方式。弥尔顿将其打印为 sovran,好像来自意大利语 sovrano。
15世纪末出现了“价值22先令6便士的金币”的含义; 其价值在1817年改为1英镑。在17世纪至18世纪的政治著作中,它经常具有“人民作为政治权力的源泉,以集体和立法能力的形式存在的社区”的意义,并且可以与 monarch 相对立。
Should it be argued, that a government like this, where the sovereignty resides in the whole body of the people, is a democracy ; it may be answered, that the right of sovereignty in all nations is unalienable and indivisible, and does and can reside nowhere else ; but, not to recur to a principle so general, the exercise, as well as the right of sovereignty, in Rome, resided in the people, but the government was not a democracy. In America, the right of sovereignty resides indisputably in the body of the people, and they have the whole property of land. [John Adams, "Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America," 1787-88]
如果认为像这样的政府,其中主权属于人民的整个身体,是一种民主政体; 可以回答,所有国家的主权权利是不可剥夺和不可分割的,也只能在那里存在; 但是,不要回到一个如此普遍的原则,罗马的主权行使和权利都属于人民,但政府不是民主政体。在美国,主权权利无可争议地属于人民,他们拥有土地的全部财产。[约翰·亚当斯,“美国政府宪法的辩护”,1787-88]
皇帝
君主
Noun Middle English soverain, from Anglo-French soverein, from soverein, adjective — see sovereign >entry 2 Adjective Middle English soverain, from Anglo-French soverein, from Vulgar Latin *superanus, from Latin super over, above — more at over
The first known use of sovereign was in the 13th century
sovietnoun
an elected governing council in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
plural capitalized the people and especially the political and military leaders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
sovereigntynoun
supreme power especially over a politically organized unit : dominion
freedom from outside control : autonomy
the condition of being sovereign or a sovereign
one (as a country) that is sovereign
sovereign1 of 2noun
a person, body of persons, or a state possessing sovereigntyespecially: a monarch exercising supreme authority in a state
an old British gold coin
sovereign2 of 2adjective
chief entry 1 sense 2, highest
a citizen's sovereign duty
supreme in power or authority
a sovereign ruler
politically independent : autonomous
a sovereign state
sovereignadjective
having generalized curative powers
a sovereign remedy
1 Local officials and a huge and enthusiastic crowd greeted Napoleon at the Portoferraio harbor. The Allies had granted him the title of Emperor of Elba, which was to be a sovereign state under his jurisdiction.
2 He adds that it also provides “the sovereign cure for boredom.”
3 But the appeal court ruled on Tuesday that Greece had been pursuing its sovereign rights, not commercial interests, when making the claim.
4 The homelands were, ostensibly, the original homes of South Africa’s tribes, sovereign and semi-sovereign “nations” where black people would be “free.”
5 The United States does not recognize Taiwan as a sovereign nation, and maintains a “one China” policy.
6 I had been here before, as a week-old infant brought to meet my sovereign, but not since.
7 “Can a sovereign state which is always free to increase its tax revenues ever be coerced by the withholding of federal funds—or is the state merely presented with hard political choices?”
8 But presently I gave command to my officers to flay those sheep the bronze cut down, and make burnt offerings of flesh to the gods below—to sovereign Death, to pale Persephone.
9 Back in the day it actually meant something too – more than just a profile picture on a stamp – to be sovereign.
10 “I have to be seen to be believed,” the queen famously said, and from the moment she became sovereign in 1952, at age 25, she clothed herself with that purpose in mind.
11 The “people” had replaced the “public” as the sovereign source of political wisdom.
12 Control over that dissemination was highly concentrated: it was a time of three network stations, a sovereign Madison Avenue, a stable literary canon.
13 The premise is enticing: since the second world war, the British sovereign has met each week with the prime minister.
14 “We had a piece of wrong information in the script,” Madden says, “about whether the congressional gift ban applied to sovereign states,” a critical plot point.
15 One feels the need to bow to unquestioned sovereigns.
16 The abbey rejoices in the title “royal peculiar,” which means it is neither a parish church nor a cathedral, and answerable only to the sovereign.
17 The idea was to showcase a sovereign’s erudition.
18 Although they are in love, as a faithful servant to his king, Tristan has promised to deliver her as bride to his sovereign, King Mark.
19 A sovereign authority — the military, the church or the state — would issue a manifesto to communicate its intentions and laws.
20 a sovereign ruler
最高统治者
1 自主
free independent self-directed self-determined independently freedom independence self-determination self-direction autonomous independency voluntariness
2 无限的
unlimited Infinite untold boundless plenary bottomless immeasurable unbounded measureless infinite nth plenipotentiary illimitable immensurable without end any amount of
4 卓越的
great fine excellent prime brilliant elite prominent noble distinguished paramount shining sublime eminent predominant unsurpassed transcendent transcendental surpassing blue-ribbon eximious supereminent of the year jim-dandy master signal leading exceptional worthy ace standout towering raving masterly whiz-bang preeminent ripsnorting stickout
5 君主
kingly liege king lord crown prince throne duke emperor monarch despot potentate dynast princeps padishah monarchical monarchial monarchic seignorial seigniorial regnal monarchal overlord imperator crowned heads lord and master regal sov Rex crowned head padisha rex seignior shereef lord paramount
7 极好
great excellent super wonderful famous fantastic grand rare magic ultimate gorgeous fabulous tremendous superb swell terrific topping splendid fab sensational impeccable admirable dreamy wondrous marvellous smashing dandy stupendous tiptop splendiferous super-duper slap-up famously A1 old awesome divine wizard magnificent bully scrumptious ripping ducky bonzer stem-winding tip-top real gone spiffing hunky-dory way-out copacetic ace bad fine unique beautiful cool capital crazy crucial keen wicked cracking first-class swinging awe-inspiring first-rate spanking beaut rip-roaring def corking bang-up champion drop-dead crack some kick like a house on fire a whale of a one and only out of this world like a charm superexcellent too-too mean key select hot heavy solid smooth tough royal stunning brilliant elegant brave glorious immense slick funky gone brag clipping daisy thumping peachy slapping unequalled a-ok tops whiz-bang nailing fantabulous lulu plummy unexceptionable clinking walloping swingeing braw forby skookum top-hole forbye gradely ace-high extra-fine first-chop prime capitally wunderbar superduper
9 王室的
10 十足
blinking veriest crashing complete regular rank pure absolute thorough sheer profound glorious stark sublime blooming veritable crass unadulterated unmitigated thoroughgoing unutterable unalloyed thorough-paced absolutely utter arrant dyed in the wool with a vengeance in grain
11 沙弗林
12 至上的
13 卓越
great fine excellent prime brilliant elite prominent noble distinguished paramount shining sublime eminent predominant unsurpassed transcendent transcendental surpassing blue-ribbon eximious supereminent class height consequence excellence distinction perfection prominence splendor principality primacy eminence preeminence transcendentalism classicality top shine transcendentalize of the year jim-dandy master signal leading exceptional worthy ace standout towering raving masterly whiz-bang preeminent ripsnorting stickout noteworthily eminently preeminently superexcellence greatness superiority transcendence predominance paramountcy eminency predomination noteworthiness prominency singularize
14 皇家的
16 优秀
jim-dandy hot master excellent capital champion superior undeniable pre-eminent def first-string high-toned class excellence superiority
19 绝对的
simple total direct entire positive flat absolute universal blank strict sheer implicit unconditional unqualified infallible categorical plenary all-or-nothing unconditioned unquestioning peremptory plenipotentiary imprescriptible irrelative nonnegotiable plenipotent mere Absofuckinglutely
20 金镑
21 绝对
simple total direct entire positive flat absolute universal blank strict sheer implicit unconditional unqualified infallible categorical plenary all-or-nothing unconditioned unquestioning peremptory motherless plenipotentiary imprescriptible irrelative nonnegotiable plenipotent simply absolutely infallibly simpliciter mere fucking-A Christ unknowable Absofuckinglutely on the stack of Bibles from top to tail with a wanion by God
24 最重要的
26 最高的
first most last end king maximum royal grand extreme supreme imperial optimum utmost maximal crashing maxi superlative crowning flat-out topmost unsurpassable aces topgallant empyreal altissimo top-dog top tops outside ultimate paramount uppermost top-drawer in chief highest meridional topnotch maist arch-
27 独立的
self-given separate independent absolute specialty closed stand-alone substantive self-contained unattached fledged free-floating go-it-alone freestanding autocephalous isolative single-handed mugwumpian breakaway unaffiliated self-governing supersensory be independent of
29 独立国
31 金币
32 国王的
33 极度
freaking woundy all high black deep extreme supreme intense mad terrific cruel utmost dire almighty frantic unimaginable excruciating abysmal frightful ruddy fiendish uttermost shitless deuced veriest plaguey super royal rarely terrible awful desperately terribly awfully mortally thumping tearing confounded swingeing confoundedly amain consumedly main summit perfection extremity fastigium above measure to a fare thee well to the utmost fit to kill up to the handle rare old to the world hell of a to heaven as hell up a storm to the wide
34 完全的
veriest full complete sound simple whole perfect clear total round regular positive dead fair proper rank pure integrate absolute strict thorough integral sheer stark downright unconditional well-rounded consummate plumb full-scale plenary abysmal crass unadulterated undiluted unreserved unalloyed thorough-paced utter outright a hundred per cent black clean entire solid grand universal integrated blank intimate plump crashing resounding goddamn replete scrupulous goddamned unabridged out-and-out thoroughgoing teetotal livelong down-the-line acatalectic thoroughpaced
35 至高无上
supreme imperial transcendent supremely supremacy primacy paramount unrivalled sanctity crowning
36 极度的
freaking woundy all high black deep extreme supreme intense terrific cruel utmost dire almighty frantic unimaginable excruciating abysmal frightful ruddy fiendish uttermost veriest plaguey main rare old hell of a
37 独立
self-given separate independent absolute specialty closed stand-alone substantive self-contained unattached fledged free-floating go-it-alone freestanding autocephalous isolative freedom independence separation self-reliance swaraj nationalize on feet single-handed mugwumpian breakaway unaffiliated self-governing supersensory independency autocephaly stand on own bottom on own hook be on ones own be independent of
38 有效
good live effective active useful efficient functional operative telling make hold stand accrue in strength hold true
39 最高
first most last end king maximum royal grand extreme supreme imperial optimum utmost maximal crashing maxi superlative crowning flat-out topmost unsurpassable aces topgallant empyreal altissimo top-dog top crest tops outside ultimate paramount uppermost top-drawer in chief highest meridional topnotch maist arch- acro-
40 完全
veriest full complete sound simple whole perfect clear total round regular positive dead fair proper rank pure integrate absolute strict thorough integral sheer stark downright unconditional well-rounded consummate plumb full-scale plenary abysmal crass unadulterated undiluted unreserved unalloyed thorough-paced plenty hollow spang all up out just very right quite fast simply clean fully cold solid absolutely flat perfectly fairly entirely plain strictly altogether slap wholly outright richly roundly utter holo- plenitude entirety fullness cata- ex- be- over- de- per- at all points bag and baggage every whit up to the hilt and sinker a hundred per cent all ends up from top to toe to the eyeballs in the world in nature every inch to the full to perfection from head to toe through and through down to the ground head over heels for fair hand and foot for keeps well and truly black entire grand universal integrated blank intimate earthly plump crashing resounding goddamn replete scrupulous goddamned unabridged out-and-out thoroughgoing teetotal livelong down-the-line acatalectic thoroughpaced well down properly literally buck solely clever purely wholesale utterly plum cleanly chock heartily blankly soever simpliciter integrity perfection totality wholeness whole hog in toto toto caelo tout a fait a fond
43 主权国家
44 非常好
47 优秀的
jim-dandy hot master excellent capital champion superior undeniable pre-eminent def first-string high-toned
48 极好的
great excellent super wonderful famous fantastic grand rare magic ultimate gorgeous fabulous tremendous superb swell terrific topping splendid fab sensational impeccable admirable dreamy wondrous marvellous smashing dandy stupendous tiptop splendiferous super-duper slap-up A1 old awesome divine wizard magnificent bully scrumptious ripping ducky bonzer stem-winding real gone spiffing hunky-dory way-out copacetic ace bad fine unique beautiful cool capital crazy crucial keen wicked cracking first-class swinging awe-inspiring first-rate spanking beaut rip-roaring def corking bang-up drop-dead crack some kick a whale of a one and only out of this world superexcellent too-too mean key select hot heavy solid smooth tough royal stunning brilliant elegant brave glorious immense slick funky gone brag clipping daisy thumping peachy slapping unequalled whiz-bang nailing fantabulous lulu plummy unexceptionable clinking walloping swingeing braw forby skookum top-hole forbye gradely ace-high extra-fine wunderbar superduper
50 独立自主的
51 独立国家
54 十足的
blinking veriest crashing complete regular rank pure absolute thorough sheer profound glorious stark sublime blooming veritable crass unadulterated unmitigated thoroughgoing unutterable unalloyed thorough-paced utter arrant dyed in the wool in grain