英：[sɜ:f]
美：[sɜrf]
serf如何读
serf是什么意思
n. (名词)
- 农奴，<旧>奴隶
- 受压迫者，服苦役者
- 像奴隶一样的人
- 农奴地位
- 农奴境遇
- 像农奴般遭受奴役的人
- 农奴制
- 被剥夺自由的人
serf变形
复数:serfs
serf扩展
serflike (adj.), serfdom (n.), serfhood (n.)
serf英英释义
noun
in feudal societies, a person who is held in servitude on a lord's land and who may be sold or otherwise transferred with the land.
any person held in servitude.
serf词源中文解释
15世纪晚期，“仆人，男仆，奴隶”，源自古法语 serf “封臣，仆人，奴隶”（12世纪），源自拉丁语 servum（主格 servus）“奴隶”（见 serve（动词））。这个词在18世纪已经不再使用这个意义。 “波兰，俄罗斯和其他欧洲大陆国家的最低级耕作者，生活在改良奴隶制条件下”的含义始于1610年代。
从1761年起，现代作家用它来指中世纪欧洲人与土地相连，无法拥有财产的人。当代的盎格鲁-拉丁文记录使用 nativus， villanus 或 servus。中古英语有时将这个阶层归为 bond-man 或 theu（来自古英语 þeow），也称 carl 或 churl。
serf词源英文解释
borrowed from French, going back to Old French, "servant, serf," going back to Late Latin servus (in the phrase servus Deī "servant of God"), going back to Latin, "slave" — more at serve >entry 1
The first known use of serf was in 1611
serf儿童词典英英释义
sergenoun
a durable cloth woven with diagonal ridges
serfnoun
a servant or laborer of olden times who was treated as part of the land worked on and went along with the land if it was sold
serfnoun
a servant or laborer of olden times who was treated as part of the land worked on and went along with the land if it was sold
serf 例句
1 What inspired his cheerful contempt for the feudal barons who tussle over the Iron Throne while their serfs starve in the muck?
2 He wants to buy dead “souls,” a word that in czarist Russia referred not only to immortal spirits but also to serfs.
3 Eventually the estate, with its cherry orchard, is bought by Alexander Lopakhin who is the son of a former serf.
4 Through it all , an unwieldy caste system governed lord and serf alike.
一个同时主宰统治者与被统治者的庞大迟滞的阶层体系,贯串整个时代.
5 As a Cro-Magnon or Russian serf or an American Indian unacquainted with Europeans, he would have faced many dangers.
6 In the uprising the serfs fought with bare hands against gunfire.
在暴动中,农奴们以赤手空拳对付钢枪铁炮.
7 Many emancipated serfs and slaves took up leading posts at various levels in the region.
一大批翻身农奴和奴隶担任了自治区各级领导职务.
8 Or as Powell puts it briskly "We weren't much better off than serfs."
9 Czar, Alexander II, annulled serf system and its related land possession system in 1861.
1861年沙皇亚历山大二世废除了农奴制及其土地制度.
10 The serf was trod to death.
这个农奴被蹂躏致死.
11 The sole freedom Diaghilev offered – and, being easily bored and often ruthless, he never offered it for long – was creative freedom: his artistic serfs forgave him again and again because of that.
12 Born a serf, Shevchenko spent 10 years in czarist labor camps for his patriotic poetry and association with a society of Ukrainian intellectuals.
13 She was a popular film extra, “specializing in crowd scenes that called for gummy medieval serfs.”
14 And that is precisely where Marc’s family story begins—with Nina’s grandfather, the serf who bought his freedom from figuring out how to color beet sugar.
15 It had no land and so unlike the rest of Europe there was no feudal system of knights and serfs.
16 Last week, we have a debate on whether middlel school students should serf the internet.
1上周我们举行了一次关于中学生是否应该上网的辩论.
17 The emancipation of the serfs is a great event in history.
解放农奴在历史上是一件大事.
18 However, with its establishment by the end of the 16th century, the primitive communes had been changed by the feudalism and became powerful tools in defensing and enforcing the serf system in Russia.
但在俄国农奴制度16世纪末确立之后，农村公社本身也为封建主义所改造，反过来它又成为维护和加强俄国农奴制度的有力工具。
19 Although the heir to a vast estate with hundreds of serfs, he has lost much of his fortune through gambling.
20 That’s why players are responding as if they were being treated not like renters, but serfs.