upwell

1 When surface waters are cold, deeper depths are allowed to upwell, bringing these essential nutrients toward the surface where the phytoplankton may use them.

当海水表面温度下降时，较深一些的海水就会上浮，同时把这些必须营养成分带到水面处，供生活在那里的浮游植物生长的需要。

2 However, when surface waters are warm (as during an el ni? O), they do not allow the colder, deeper currents to upwell and effectively block the flow of life-sustaining nutrients.

可是，如果海面水温较高(例如在厄尔尼诺期间)，深层海水就无法上流，从而大大阻断了这些生命必须营养的正常循环。

3 To fertilize the Sargassum, Seafields is testing a low-energy pumping system that will upwell nutrients from a few hundred feet below the ocean surface.

4 While the depth of the middle of the Pacific Ocean allows cooler waters to upwell, the shallower areas around tropical islands get no such relief.

5 Models suggest that when the basin formed, Pluto’s equator was elsewhere, but that after the impact occurred, an underground watery ocean began upwelling into the chasm while ice gathered atop it.

6 The problem is often exacerbated in near-shore waters where upwelling brings cold, acidic waters from the depths to the surface.

7 Cold currents from sinking plates would push the blobs around like Silly Putty; in turn, upwelling heat from the warm blobs would push the plates right back.

8 But the absence of upwelling currents there means a mass release of carbon dioxide at a depth of 4,600 feet would likely acidify the surrounding waters but not enter the atmosphere for an extremely long time.

9 Weaker winds and a probable resulting decline in upwelling were key factors in the spiking water temperatures, according to a recent study led by Joke Lübbecke, an ocean researcher at the GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research in Kiel, Germany.

10 The upwelling brine also contains some methane that could be siphoned off and burned.

1 涌出

gushing gush spurt ebullition flowage well spring flush spout spurt out

2 喷出

salient effusive eruptive issue jet discharge eruption spout squirt gush spurt ejection extrusion seethe swoosh blowoff outgush fountain spew geyser belch gurk well play shoot vomit erupt wallow spritz disgorge eruct deliver throw drip emit utter puff expel snort extravasate

3 上涌

swell upsurge