protein

英：[ˈprəʊtiːn]

美：[ˈproʊtiːn]

复数:proteins

proteinaceous (adj.)

noun

any of various naturally occurring extremely complex substances that consist of amino-acid residues joined by peptide bonds, contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, usually sulfur, and occasionally other elements (such as phosphorus or iron), and include many essential biological compounds (such as enzymes, hormones, or antibodies)

the total nitrogenous material in plant or animal substances

a food (such as meat or tofu) that is rich in protein There are 10 sandwiches to choose from, with different proteins like sausage, salami and mortadella.—Cesar Hernandez With plant proteins such as nuts or soy foods, we get good amounts of fiber and polyunsaturated fats …—Walter Willett

Having grown up with brisket or roasted chicken as the protein of choice at a Chanukah table, I was intrigued to find that Italian Jews traditionally celebrate the Festival of Lights with a special fried chicken recipe and wanted to give it a try.—Sophie Panzer

protein content蛋白质含量

soy protein大豆蛋白；酱油蛋白质

high protein高蛋白；高蛋白质面粉

milk protein牛奶蛋白；牛乳蛋白质

protein isolate分离蛋白

vegetable proteinn. 植物（性）蛋白

protein synthesis蛋白质合成

crude protein粗蛋白；天然蛋白质

whey protein乳清蛋白；乳清蛋白质

protein kinase蛋白激酶

animal protein动物蛋白

heat shock protein热休克蛋白

total protein[医]总蛋白；[医]血清总蛋白；[医]全蛋白

binding protein结合蛋白质，結合蛋白

soy protein isolate分离大豆蛋白

protein concentrate浓缩蛋白；蛋白质精料

silk protein丝蛋白，活化细胞

protein c蛋白质C

membrane protein膜蛋白质

fusion protein融合蛋白；融合蛋白标记物

1844年，源自法语 protéine，由荷兰化学家 Gerhard Johan Mulder（1802-1880）于1838年创造，可能是在 Berzelius 的建议下，来自希腊语 prōteios “第一质量”，来自 prōtos “第一”（参见 proto-) + -ine（2）。

最初，它是一种理论物质，被认为是构成食物必不可少的成分，但对他正在研究的物质的进一步研究推翻了这一点，但 protein 和 proteid 这些词继续在国际研究中使用，也用于其他有机化合物； 现代用法作为一类物质的通用名称起源于德国。混淆变得如此之大，以至于在1907年成立了一个委员会来整理命名法，它确实做到了这一点，赋予 protein 其现代含义（“构成所有生物重要部分的一类有机化合物”）并放弃 proteid。

蛋白质

蛋白〔质〕：一组复杂有机化合物的任何一种，含有碳、氢、氧、氮，通常还含硫。其中氮为特征性成分。蛋白质广泛分布于动植物体内，为所有细胞原生质的主要成分，是主要由α-氨基酸通过肽键连接起来的高分子化合物。蛋白质内一般发现有20多种不同的氨基酸。每种蛋白质都有其独特的基因所限定的氨基酸顺序。这种氨基酸顺序决定了蛋白质的形态和功能。蛋白质可以是酶、结构成分、激素、免疫球蛋白等，并参与氧的传递、肌肉收缩、电子转移、身体其他活动以及光合作用。蛋白质可分类为：简单蛋白或球状蛋白：包括身体中大部分蛋白

一般溶于水或盐溶液

蛋白质

不同氨基酸以肽键相连所组成的具有一定空间结构的生物大分子物质。

蛋白质

borrowed from French protéine, from Late Greek prōteîos "of the first quality" (from Greek prôtos "first, foremost" + -eios, adjective suffix, originally from s-stems) + -ine -ine >entry 1 — more at proto- Note: The term protein was introduced by the Dutch chemist Johannes Gerardus Mulder (1802-80), as French protéine in the article "Sur la composition de quelques substances animales" (Bulletin des sciences physiques et naturelles en Néerlande, vol. 1 [1838], pp. 104-19), and as Dutch protein in the article "Over Proteine en hare Verbindingen en Ontleidingsproducten" (Natuur- en scheikundig Archief, vol. 6 [1838], pp. 87-162). Though Mulder in the beginning of the papers expresses gratitude to Jöns Jakob berzelius for his support, he does not mention any connection between Berzelius and the novel word. In the twentieth century, however, it was discovered that Berzelius had suggested the word to Mulder in a letter written July 10, 1838: "Le nom protéine que je vous propose pour l'oxyde organique de la fibrine et de l'albumine, je voulais le dériver de πρωτειος, parce qu'il paraît être la substance primitive ou principale de la nutrition animale que les plantes préparent pour les herbivores et que ceux-ci fournissent ensuite aux carnassiers." ("The name protein, which I propose for the organic oxide of fibrin and albumin, I wish to derive from prōteios, because it appears to be the primitive or principal substance of animal nutrition, which plants prepare for herbivores, and which the latter then provide for carnivores." — quoted in H.B. Vickery, "The origin of the word protein," Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, vol. 22, no. 5 [May, 1950], pp. 387-93.) In the French article, Mulder glosses the word prōteîos with Latin primarius "primary": "The organic material, being a general principal of all the constituent parts of the animal body and being found, as we will see later, in the vegetable kingdom, could be named protein from prōteîos …" ("La matière organique, étant un principe général de toutes les parties constituantes du corps animal, et se trouvant, comme nous verrons tantôt, dans le règne végétal, pourrait se nommer Protéine de πρωτεῖος primarius.") This appears to be Mulder's own interpretation of the Greek word, as the leading Greek dictionary of the time, Franz Passow's Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache (4. Ausgabe, 1831) defines it only as a masculine noun: "first rank, first place, primacy, priority" ("erster Rang, erster Platz, Vorrang, Vorzug"). For details, see the article by H.B. Vickery cited above and Harold Hartley, "Origin of the Word 'Protein'," Nature, vol. 168, issue 4267 (August 11, 1951), p. 244.

The first known use of protein was in 1886

protest1 of 2noun

a complaint, objection, or display of unwillingness or disapproval

protest2 of 2verb

to declare positively : assert

protested their innocence

to make a protest against

protested the higher tax rate

to object strongly

protest against a new highway

protest1 of 2noun

a complaint, objection, or display of unwillingness or disapproval

protest2 of 2verb

to declare positively : assert

protested their innocence

to make a protest against

protested the higher tax rate

to object strongly

protest against a new highway

protestationnoun

the act of protesting

a positive declaration

protestantnoun

capitalized a member of one of several Christian churches that separated from the Roman Catholic church in the 16th century or of a church founded by members of these churches

one who protests

proteinnoun

any of numerous substances that consist of chains of amino acids, contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and often sulfur, include many compounds (as enzymes and hormones) essential for life, and are supplied by various foods (as meat, milk, eggs, nuts, and beans)

proteinnoun

any of numerous substances that consist of chains of amino acids, contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and often sulfur, include many compounds (as enzymes and hormones) essential for life, and are supplied by various foods (as meat, milk, eggs, nuts, and beans)

proteinnoun

any of numerous naturally occurring extremely complex substances (as an enzyme or antibody) that consist of amino acid residues joined by peptide bonds, contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, usually sulfur, and occasionally other elements (as phosphorus or iron), that are essential constituents of all living cells, that are synthesized from raw materials by plants but assimilated as separate amino acids by animals, that are both acidic and basic and usually colloidal in nature although many have been crystallized, and that are hydrolyzable by acids, alkalies, proteolytic enzymes, and putrefactive bacteria to polypeptides, to simpler peptides, and ultimately to alpha-amino acids

the total nitrogenous material in plant or animal substancesespecially: crude protein