ablaut

英：['æblaʊt]

美：['æblaʊt]

• n.母音变换；元音交替

noun

a pattern of changes in sounds, usually vowels, that indicate variations in tense, number, person, or the like, as in "sink," "sank," and "sunk".The verbs "sing" and "drink" have the same ablaut, as can be seen in the similarity of "sung" and "sang" to "drunk" and "drank."

指示单词词根中元音的系统变化以表示意义或时态的特征，是印欧语系的特点，始于1845年，源自德语 Ablaut，字面意思为“关掉声音”（这里的“关掉”表示替换），由 J.P. Zweigel 于1568年创造，由 ab “关掉”（来自古高地德语 aba “关掉，远离”，源自 PIE 词根 *apo- “关掉，远离”）和 Laut “声音，音调”（来自古高地德语 hlut，源自原始日耳曼语 *hludaz “听到的，响亮的”，来自 PIE 词根 *kleu- “听到”）组成。这个词由 Jakob Grimm 和 Franz Bopp 推广。这个过程是德语强动词的形成原因。一个例子是 bind/band/bond/bound +（德语）Bund。比较 umlaut。

In our language, it seems to us that the uncouthness of such compounds as Upsound, Offsound, and Insound, could hardly be compensated by any advantage to be derived from their use; and we therefore purpose, in the course of this work, where any of these terms occur in the original, to retain them in their German shape. Of these terms, Ablaut and Umlaut are those which chiefly, if not alone, are used by our author. [from footnote in translation of Bopp's "Comparative Grammar," London, 1845]

在我们的语言中，对于这样的复合词，如 Upsound、Offsound 和 Insound，我们认为它们的粗糙无礼几乎无法通过使用它们获得任何好处； 因此，在本书的过程中，我们打算在原文中保留它们的德语形式。在这些术语中， Ablaut 和 Umlaut 是我们的作者主要使用的术语，如果不是唯一使用的术语。[来自 Bopp 的“比较语法”翻译的脚注，伦敦，1845年]

borrowed from German Ablaut, from ab "down, from" (going back to Old High German ab, aba, preposition) + Laut "sound," going back to Middle High German lūt, going back to Old High German hlūtī, lūtī, liutī, derivative from the base of hlūt "loud, strident"; akin to Old English hlūd "loud" — more at of >entry 1, loud Note: As a term in Germanic and Indo-European comparative linguistics, ablaut was introduced in 1819 by Jacob Grimm in Deutsche Grammatik, vol. 1, p. 543. The word was used by earlier German grammarians pejoratively to refer to strong verbs—hence perhaps literally, "discordance," with ab- alluding to the deviation of the "irregular" strong verbs from "regular" weak verbs.

The first known use of ablaut was in 1838