vigesimal

1 Besides these we find two or three numeral scales in Europe which contain distinct traces of vigesimal counting, though the scales are, as a whole, decidedly decimal.

2 In the Maya scale we have one of the best and most extended examples of vigesimal numeration ever developed by any race.

3 The last of these scales is an unusual combination of decimal and vigesimal.

4 This long cycle was an application of the vigesimal system to their reckoning of time.

5 This leads the quinary into the vigesimal scale, and produces the combination so often found in certain parts of the world.

6 The words for 20, 100, and 200 are clear evidence of vigesimal, while 30 to 90, and the remaining hundreds, are equally unmistakable proof of decimal, numeration.

7 Proceeding to higher numbers, it is interesting to note that they also proceed on the vigesimal system, although this has not heretofore been distinctly shown.

8 In connection with the Celtic language, mention must be made of the persistent vigesimal element which has held its place in French.

9 Above 20 the systems become vigesimal, with a quinary or decimal structure appearing in all numerals except multiples of 20.

10 In Albania there exists one single fragment of vigesimal numeration, which is probably an accidental compound rather than the remnant of a former vigesimal number system.

11 Europe yields one other example of vigesimal counting, in the number system of the Basques.

12 These families, disseminating their characteristics through their various branches, have produced certain groups of races which exhibit a well-marked tendency, here toward the decimal, and there toward the vigesimal form of numeration.

13 This scale contains a strange commingling of decimal and vigesimal counting.

14 To the statement just made respecting the origin of vigesimal counting, exception may, of course, be taken.

15 But it is so remarkable and anomalous to find the decimal and vigesimal scales mingled in this manner that one involuntarily suspects either incompleteness of form, or an actual mistake.

16 Some of the systems obtained from the languages of these peoples are perfect, extended examples of vigesimal counting, not to be duplicated in any other quarter of the globe.

17 This scale is in one sense wholly vigesimal, and in another way it is not to be regarded as pure, but as mixed.

18 It is a fact, as will be fully illustrated in the following pages, that quinary number systems, when extended, usually merge into either the decimal or the vigesimal.

19 The number from which the new start is made is 20, and the resulting scale is inevitably vigesimal.

20 Both decimal and vigesimal numeration are found indifferently in warm and in cold countries; in fruitful and in barren lands; in maritime and in inland regions; and among highly civilized or deeply degraded peoples.

1 二十分之一

twentieth

2 二十进位法的

vicenary

3 进位

carry

4 的

six ten nine twenty twelve fifty sixteen sixty ninety nineteen O'

5 分之一

part

6 第二十

twentieth U

7 第二十的

twentieth

8 第

tenth millesimal sixth -th

9 二十

vicenary score twenty

10 由二十组成的

vicenary

11 第 的

tenth

12 二十的

vicenary