英:['lɪtərəlɪzəm]
美:['lɪtərəlˌɪzəm]
英:['lɪtərəlɪzəm]
美:['lɪtərəlˌɪzəm]
lit·er·al·ism
lI t r lih zm
literalistic (adj.), literalistically (adv.), literalist (n.)
"字面解释或理解",1640年代,来自法语 littéralisme; 参见 literal 和 -ism。在艺术中,指"精确的呈现或表现",倾向于"缺乏想象力的精确性"。
The first known use of literalism was in 1644
1 The oxymoronic “intelligent design” movement, a repackaging of creationism, attempted to position biblical literalism as equivalent to the copiously evidenced theory of evolution, insisting schools “teach the controversy.”
2 But this music seems only to have a tangential relationship with what the work has become; an oddly ambivalent enactment of Shakespeare’s play that teeters uncertainly between abstraction and literalism.
3 Yet despite its reliance upon metaphor and genre, it feels predicated upon a kind of moral literalism — or perhaps simply obviousness.
4 Sung lyrics are more perilous, introducing the threat of literalism, yet the combination of dance and words, handled right, can heighten meaning.
5 Yet his work isn’t merely the paint-as-paint literalism of that stripped-down aesthetic.
6 They reject giving a “hyperliteral meaning” to “each word in the text,” something they condemn as “sterile literalism.”
7 Later I speculated, with a kind of hopeless retreat into biographical literalism, whether fatherhood has not been kind to Marcus.
8 Trapped in the childhood literalism of my background, I had not entertained the possibility of Christian belief separated from the great lure and threat of heaven and hell.
9 But creationism is part of the larger crusade within the religious right to make “biblical literalism” Christian doctrine and federal law.
10 Meanwhile, Wilde’s direction manages to be simultaneously overheated and pedestrian, resorting to blunt-force literalism in moments that call for Hitchcockian finesse.
11 When Baroque music came to the forefront in the 1970s, with ostensibly complete performing materials more readily available, a certain literalism set in.
12 Theatre thrives on the new, of course, and pedantic literalism is as much an abuse of the art of interpretation as the view that any idea is as valid as any other.
13 But that flow is infinitely preferable to note-by-note literalism, and a vociferous standing ovation showed how warmly the audience responded to the musical message.
14 Artistic license met biblical literalism, an awkward compromise was reached, but prominent Christian activists will still probably leave disappointed and the controversy will go on.
15 Rocky IV’s greatest strength was its sledgehammer literalism.
16 And there’s great concern about the increased teaching of Biblical literalism to thousands of U.S. children.
17 And despite the literalism of having a dull Carroll figure become the White Rabbit, that transformation is effected wittily.
18 Decades later, after the release of “Testimony,” there would be the almost comic literalism of MacDonald:
19 Moviegoers even casually familiar with “Vertigo” should be able to follow the story, which is evoked with varying degrees of literalism and editing fluidity.
20 To reduce this confusion — to make the piece, for better or worse, more like a traditional opera than a Passion — recent productions of “Klinghoffer” have edged more toward literalism.
2 直译者
3 写实主义