Wyclif

1 Wyclif was a general leader, and therefore had many things to do.

2 Yet, outwardly, at the beginning of the sixteenth century, the followers of John Wyclif made no impression upon religious affairs.

3 Wyclif's sermons and tracts, and Mandeville's account of his travels are effective enough, each to its own end.

4 The Friars had burst on the caste spirit of the middle age, its mere classification of brute force, with the bold recognition of human equality which ended in the socialism of Wyclif and the Lollards.

5 He also established and conducted the Chaucer, Ballad, New Shakespeare and Wyclif Societies, and at a later period societies for the special study of Browning and Shelley.

6 Wyclif in England advocated a simple form of church worship, rebelled against the arbitrary power of popes and priests, preached against transubstantiation, and advocated the practice of morality.

7 A revised edition, usually assigned to Wyclif's friend, John Purvey, was completed a few years later.

8 In this case, Wyclif took the side of his king, and maintained that the tribute was not rightly due to the pope.

9 King Alfred's Translations, the English Chronicle, the Homilies of Ælfric, are simple and clear enough; and, coming down later, the English Bible set forth by Wyclif and his contemporaries.

10 Secular employments.Wyclif tells us that secular employment was the only road to ecclesiastical preferment.

11 "Whatsoever thief or felon" takes refuge in a house of religion, said Wyclif, he can dwell there all his life "and no man empeche hym".

12 Thus Wyclif says, ½The vail of the temple was to rent:¸ and of Judas, ½He was hanged and toÐburst the middle:¸ i. e., burst in two, or asunder.

13 Wyclif was now denounced as a heretic at the court of the Pope, but his eloquent and masterful defense at the trial procured his release.

14 But Huss soon came to think differently, and heartily took up almost all Wyclif's doctrines.

15 But Wyclif, with others who worked under him, translated the whole Bible into English, so that all might understand it.

16 The work and theories of Wyclif and his followers, and the effects of the papal schism on the relations between England and Rome, are reserved for another volume of this series.

17 The statute of praemunire, a generation later, prepares the way for Wyclif.

18 Wyclif was not separated from his fellows by any deep gulf, neither was he, as regards time, the first in his movement, but no leader ever sprang so far in front of the led.

19 Wyclif, in England, started a movement for freedom and purity which never died out.

20 Wyclif, for example, called on his generation to follow him in a new and better path.

1 威克里夫

Wyclifite

2 约翰

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3 威克利夫

wycliffe