英:[dwɔːf]
美:[dwɔːrf]
英:[dwɔːf]
美:[dwɔːrf]
复数:dwarfs或dwarves
第三人称单数:dwarfs
现在分词:dwarfing
过去式:dwarfed
过去分词:dwarfed
dwarfish (adj.), dwarfishly (adv.), dwarfishness (n.)
词根:dwarf
adj.dwarfish 矮小的;像侏儒的
n.dwarfism [内科] 侏儒症;矮小
dwarfishness 矮子;侏儒症
noun
sometimes offensive a person of unusually small stature (see stature sense 1)especially: a person whose height does not exceed 4' 10" and is typically less than 4' 5"
an animal or plant much below normal size
folklore a small legendary manlike being who is usually misshapen and ugly and skilled as a craftsman
astronomy a celestial object of comparatively small mass or size: such as
a star of ordinary or low luminosity compare giant sense 4, supergiant
The outer layers of a swollen elderly red giant star were pouring onto the photosphere of a vigorous … yellow dwarf, something like the Sun.—Carl Sagan
a galaxy containing a relatively low number of stars
Harlow Shapley discovered the first examples of dwarf satellite galaxies in 1938, one in the constellation Sculptor and one in Fornax.—Astronomy
an insignificant person
a literary dwarf
verb
transitive verb
to cause to appear smaller or to seem inferior has dwarfed the achievements of her predecessors
dwarfed by his older brother
to restrict the growth of : stunt
children dwarfed by malnutrition
intransitive verb
to become smaller
adjective
low-growing in habit dwarfer forms of citrus
a dwarf peach tree
white dwarf[天]白矮星
dwarf star矮星
brown dwarf棕矮星;褐矮星
red dwarf红矮星(表面温度较低且亮度较弱的恒星)
古英语 dweorh, dweorg(西撒克逊语), duerg(梅西亚语),“身材非常矮小的人,比普通人的身材要矮小得多,无论是比例还是其他方面”,也指“超自然的亚人大小的存在”,源自原始日耳曼语 *dweraz(源头还包括古弗里斯兰语 dwerch,古撒克逊语 dwerg,古高地德语 twerg,德语 Zwerg,古诺尔斯语 dvergr),也许源自原始印欧语 *dhwergwhos “微小的东西”,但在日耳曼语族之外没有确定的同源词。
也在公元1200年左右用于指比其种类普通大小要小得多的动物或植物。在日耳曼神话中, dwarf 的使用意义是“一个缩小和通常畸形的存在,居住在岩石和山丘中,擅长金属加工”,似乎在中古英语时期消失了,后来在公元1770年左右从德语中复兴。
Whilst in this and other ways the dwarfs do at times have dealings with mankind, yet on the whole they seem to shrink from man; they give the impression of a downtrodden afflicted race, which is on the point of abandoning its ancient home to new and more powerful invaders. There is stamped on their character something shy and something heathenish, which estranges them from intercourse with christians. They chafe at human faithlessness, which no doubt would primarily mean the apostacy from heathenism. In the poems of the Mid. Ages, Laurin is expressly set before us as a heathen. It goes sorely against the dwarfs to see churches built, bell-ringing ... disturbs their ancient privacy; they also hate the clearing of forests, agriculture, new fangled pounding-machinery for ore. ["Teutonic Mythology," Jakob Grimm, transl. Stallybrass, 1883]
虽然在这方面,矮人有时与人类有交往,但总体上,他们似乎会躲避人类; 他们给人留下了一个被压迫的、受苦的种族的印象,这个种族即将离开他们的古老家园,去面对新的、更强大的入侵者。他们的性格上有一些 shy 和一些 heathenish 的东西,这使他们与基督徒的交往疏远。他们对人类的不忠感到不满,这无疑首先是指背弃异教。在中世纪的诗歌中, Laurin 明确地被描绘成一个 heathen。看到教堂建造, bell-ringing ……打扰了他们古老的隐私; 他们也憎恨森林的清理、农业、新式的矿石粉碎机器。["Teutonic Mythology," Jakob Grimm, transl. Stallybrass, 1883]
古英语单词末尾的喉塞音转变为现代的 -f 是典型的(比较 enough, draft),并且早在14世纪初就开始出现。在中古英语中,它也是 dwerþ, dwerke。古英语复数 dweorgas 变成了中古英语 dwarrows,后来降为 dwarfs。dwarves 这个词在传说中用来指这个种族,是由 J.R.R.托尔金推广的。作为形容词,从1590年代开始使用。
在1914年,使用 giant 和 dwarf 来指代最高和最低亮度的星体,据说是由丹麦天文学家埃纳尔·赫兹普龙(Ejnar Hertzsprung,1873-1967)提出的; 因此有 red dwarf(1922年有记录), white dwarf, black dwarf “死亡和无光的星体”(1966年有记录)。
矮化
又称 :矮化(stunt)
侏儒,矮人:身材异常短小的人
Noun, Verb, and Adjective Middle English dwerg, dwerf, from Old English dweorg, dweorh; akin to Old High German twerg dwarf
The first known use of dwarf was in the 14th century
dwarf1 of 2noun
sometimes offensive a person of unusually small stature
an animal or plant that is much below normal size
a small legendary being usually pictured as a deformed and ugly person
a star (as the sun) that in comparison to other stars gives off an ordinary or small amount of energy and has small mass and size
dwarf2 of 2verb
to restrict the growth or development of : stunt
to cause to appear smaller
dwarf1 of 2noun
sometimes offensive a person of unusually small stature
an animal or plant that is much below normal size
a small legendary being usually pictured as a deformed and ugly person
a star (as the sun) that in comparison to other stars gives off an ordinary or small amount of energy and has small mass and size
dwarf2 of 2verb
to restrict the growth or development of : stunt
to cause to appear smaller
dwarf1 of 2noun
sometimes offensive a person of unusually small stature
an animal or plant that is much below normal size
a small legendary being usually pictured as a deformed and ugly person
a star (as the sun) that in comparison to other stars gives off an ordinary or small amount of energy and has small mass and size
dwarf2 of 2verb
to restrict the growth or development of : stunt
to cause to appear smaller
dwarf1 of 2noun
sometimes offensive a person of unusually small stature
an animal or plant that is much below normal size
a small legendary being usually pictured as a deformed and ugly person
a star (as the sun) that in comparison to other stars gives off an ordinary or small amount of energy and has small mass and size
dwarf2 of 2verb
to restrict the growth or development of : stunt
to cause to appear smaller
dwarf1 of 2noun
sometimes offensive a person of unusually small stature
an animal or plant that is much below normal size
a small legendary being usually pictured as a deformed and ugly person
a star (as the sun) that in comparison to other stars gives off an ordinary or small amount of energy and has small mass and size
dwarf2 of 2verb
to restrict the growth or development of : stunt
to cause to appear smaller
dwarf1 of 2noun
sometimes offensive a person of unusually small stature
an animal or plant that is much below normal size
a small legendary being usually pictured as a deformed and ugly person
a star (as the sun) that in comparison to other stars gives off an ordinary or small amount of energy and has small mass and size
dwarf2 of 2verb
to restrict the growth or development of : stunt
to cause to appear smaller
dwarf1 of 2noun
sometimes offensive a person of unusually small stature
an animal or plant that is much below normal size
a small legendary being usually pictured as a deformed and ugly person
a star (as the sun) that in comparison to other stars gives off an ordinary or small amount of energy and has small mass and size
dwarf2 of 2verb
to restrict the growth or development of : stunt
to cause to appear smaller
dwarf1 of 2noun
sometimes offensive a person of unusually small statureespecially: a person whose height does not exceed 4 feet 10 inches (1.47 meters) and is typically less than 4 feet 5 inches (1.35 meters)
an animal much below normal size
dwarf2 of 2transitive verb
to restrict the growth of : stunt
1 The dwarfs shrugged, and believed themselves to be extremely clever in their fortress by the sea.
2 We are so far away from the stage that the actors look almost like dwarfs.
我们离舞台这么远,那些演员看上去就像侏儒一样了.
3 The dwarf watched contemptuously while Taran gathered saplings and attempted to weave them together.
4 “Can a dwarf steal the web from under a spider?”
5 The food was not especially good, but it was plentiful, so that was where the dwarf went next.
6 He pantomimed a dwarf melting in terror, which for some reason the Italian didn’t seem to understand.
7 At first, he thought the dwarfs had left.
8 If the gods were good, Lannister’s severed head was halfway back to King’s Landing by now, but more like the dwarf was hale and whole and somewhere close, stinking drunk and plot-ting some new infamy.
9 It dwarfed the bamboo cane the teacher in Chungking had used to punish Four Hands whenever he stole a trifle from another.
10 In spite of his hurt the dwarf would not stay behind.
11 “You have guided us well,” he said quietly to the dwarf.
12 The dwarfs listened to Skirnir describe the commission, and they shivered, and they named their price.
13 A dwarf is lying on his stomach with a thick book open in front of him.
14 Transits of dwarf stars provide bigger signals, because the planet blots out proportionally more star's disk.
因为这种行星遮盖了更多的天文坐标,因此凌日的矮星会发出比较强烈的信号.
15 Those stupid dwarfs had taken everything except his money.
16 He is a giant academically but a dwarf in everyday matter.
在学术上他是个巨人,但在日常生活中却是个矮子.
17 Orr was an eccentric midget, a freakish, likable dwarf with a smutty mind and a thousand valuable skills that would keep him in a low income group all his life.
18 "Any man of the Night's Watch," the dwarf repeated, "but not me, do I take your meaning, boy?"
19 “Sagan’s dwarf sun is much smaller, but so close to the planet it creates a tidal lock,” Dad says.
20 Small plants called dwarf dwarfs may be placed a 3 rd of a meter apart in rollsrows.
叫侏儒的小的植物可以放置在三公尺的一排里.
1 矮人
2 极小的
minute outside tiny minimal microscopic fractional midget minuscule miserly weeny razor-thin Lilliputian itsy-bitsy
3 发育不全的
hypogenetic rudimentary underdeveloped suppressed aborted abortive dwarfish hypoplastic undergrown semideveloped
4 小型的
ma-and-pa mama-and-papa small baby pocket toy junior desktop cabinet compact mini miniature pony petty cameo diminutive midget space-saving bantamweight piccolo pocket-size pint-size half-pint jitney vest-pocket mom-and-pop hip-pocket
5 矮小的
pygmaean pygmyish diminutive bantam scrubby sawed-off runty dwarfish peewee small pygmy undersized pint-sized Pygmy scrub lilliputian scrabbly pygmoid short-ass grubby half-pint scrubbed gnomish
6 阻碍…的发育
7 小型
ma-and-pa mama-and-papa small baby pocket toy junior desktop cabinet compact mini miniature pony petty cameo diminutive midget space-saving bantamweight piccolo pocket-size pint-size half-pint jitney vest-pocket mom-and-pop hip-pocket in the small
9 发育迟缓
10 矮态
11 使相形见绌
eclipse obscure overshadow throw into the shade shame put to shame knock into a cocked hat knock spots off put in the shade outshine
12 相形见绌
eclipse obscure overshadow pale before pale beside throw into the shade put into the shade look sick knock into a cocked hat knock spots off pale beside to pale by comparison to pale by comparison with pale by comparison pale in comparison with pale into insignificance pale next to put in the shade put to shame pale in comparison pale in comparison to insignificance shame outshine
14 侏儒
pygmean pygmaean pygmy homuncule hop-o'-my-thumb midget midge manikin homunculus Lilliputian dandiprat atomy troll shrimp elf gnome minikin little people dwarfism blastie
15 矮子
shorty runt shortie mannie peewee pygmy manikin shrimp short-arse midget short-ass homunculus Lilliputian half-pint mannikin dandiprat tickey blastie
17 矮小
pygmaean pygmyish diminutive bantam scrubby sawed-off runty dwarfish peewee dwarfism pygmy pint-sized knee-high to a grasshopper scrub lilliputian scrabbly nanism pygmyism pygmoid short-ass grubby half-pint scrubbed gnomish runt
19 缩作一团
20 弱小
23 发育不全
hypogenetic rudimentary underdeveloped suppressed aborted abortive dwarfish hypoplastic undergrown semideveloped ateliosis hypogenesis hypoplasia abort aplasia
24 胜过
best better top lead beat cap lick outperform outpace outdo outstrip predominate outgun outflank rise above beat out
26 矮星