英:[rɪˈfræktəri]
美:[rɪˈfræktəri]
英:[rɪˈfræktəri]
美:[rɪˈfræktəri]
re·frac·to·ry
rih fraek t ri
复数:refractories
比较级:more refractory
最高级:most refractory
refractorily (adv.)
词根:refractory
n.refractoriness 耐火性;耐熔性;不应性
Noun
1. lining consisting of material with a high melting point; used to line the inside walls of a furnace
Adjective
1. resistant to authority or control;
"as refractory as a mule"
2. not responding to treatment;
"a stubborn infection"
"a refractory case of acne"
3. marked by stubborn resistance to and defiant of authority or guidance;
"a recalcitrant teenager"
"everything revolves around a refractory individual genius"
4. stubbornly resistant to authority or control;
"a fractious animal that would not submit to the harness"
"a refractory child"
refractory material耐火材料;耐热材料;难熔物质
refractory brick耐火砖
refractory metal难熔金属
refractory lining耐火衬砌;耐火内衬;耐火材料
refractory period不应期
castable refractoryn. 耐火浆料;浇灌耐火材料
refractory steel热强钢,耐热钢
insulating refractory隔热耐火材料
refractory clay耐火粘土
refractory coating耐火涂料
refractory concrete耐火混凝土
"顽固的,倔强的,固执的,抵抗的,不屈服的",1610年代(早期 refractorious,1550年代, refractary,约1600年),源自拉丁语 refractarius "顽固的,固执的",源自 refringere 的过去分词词干"打破"(见 refraction)。据说这个概念是指"打破"所有试图强制服从的尝试。英语拼写是根据形容词 -ory 的类比而变形的。相关词汇: Refractorily; refractoriness。
不应的(期)
难治的,顽固性的
Adjective alteration of refractary, from Latin refractarius, irregular from refragari to oppose, from re- + -fragari (as in suffragari to support with one's vote)
The first known use of refractory was in 1606
refractoryadjective
resisting control or authority : stubborn
a refractory child
resistant to treatment : unresponsive
capable of enduring high temperatures
refractoryadjective
resistant to treatment or cure had disease that was extremely refractory to multiple intensive therapies—Michelle L. Bennett et al.
a refractory fulminant lesion
unresponsive to stimulus
the refractory period of a muscle fiber
resistant or not responding to an infectious agent : immune
refractory to reinfection
1 Almost a third endure refractory epilepsy, meaning typical pharmaceutical drugs have little effect in reducing the instances or frequency of seizures.
2 Refractory children, lunatics, and criminals may require authority, and may need to be forced to obey.
对倔强的儿童,精神病人以及犯罪的人,需要使用权力,或者需要强迫服从。
3 Without extended refractory periods, premature contractions would occur in the heart and would not be compatible with life.
4 Some new type refractory materials used for pouring spout at home and abroad are introduced.
本文介绍和分析国内外一些出钢口的新材料.
5 This phenomenon accounts for the long refractory periods required for the cardiac muscle cells to pump blood effectively before they are capable of firing for a second time.
6 Purpose : The equipment is used for mensurating modulus of rupture of refractory products at high temperatures.
该设备用于耐火材料的高温抗折强度的测量.
7 Their influx through slow calcium channels accounts for the prolonged plateau phase and absolute refractory period that enable cardiac muscle to function properly.
8 Because voltage-gated Na+ channels are inactivated at the peak of the depolarization, they cannot be opened again for a brief time—the absolute refractory period.
9 I'm not sure it elucidated what remains one of Berio's more refractory scores, but it was clearly very good fun.
10 Purpose: The equipment is used for mensurating the thermal expansion of refractory products.
用途: 该仪器用于测定耐火制品的热膨胀性能.
11 Then in the Clarkston area of Washington the insects became refractory — they were harder to kill than in the orchards of the Wenatchee and Yakima valleys and elsewhere.
12 Road is a refractory wound the earth, so life every step is dull pain.
路是大地一道难愈的伤痕,因此人生每一步都是隐隐的痛。
13 All of the children had rare, relapsed or refractory cancers and were running out of treatment options.
14 Its battery draws on renewable energy to heat up a sort of brick that’s similar to refractory bricks already used in blast furnaces for steel.
15 The reason it's so good for refractory formulas is because it doesn't conduct heat very well (heat doesn't pass through readily).
它之所以在如此良好的耐火公式是因为它没有很好地传导热量(热不容易通过)。
16 So Meg wrestled alone with the refractory sweetmeats all that hot summer day, and at five o’clock sat down in her topsy-turvey kitchen, wrung her bedaubed hands, lifted up her voice and wept.
17 One refractory remains in neighboring Sproul with about 80 workers, he said.
18 They want to understand what makes such compounds refractory and whether they can be made more or less so.
他们想要知道什么原因导致这些化合物难熔并且是否能被控制等等这些问题。
19 It is approved to treat patients with advanced, refractory heart failure as a bridge to cardiac transplantation and as destination therapy in patients for whom subsequent transplantation is not planned.
20 Cardiac muscle cells undergo twitch-type contractions with long refractory periods followed by brief relaxation periods.
1 不听从
3 难以驾驭的
5 倔强的人
7 执拗的
thrawart difficult contrary stiff missionary thwart rusty willful tenacious intractable obstinate unrepentant dour recalcitrant ornery unregenerate obdurate mulish thrawn cussed pertinacious stouthearted contrarious uncomplying pressing angular wry wilful crabby cross-grained crusty bigot crabbed balky cobby self-will bullet-headed
10 难以治愈的
11 耐火材料
13 顽固
set inflexible obstinate intransigent stiff-necked unbending diehard pigheaded obstinacy intransigence
14 不听话
stubborn naughty rusty wayward untoward restive indocile pull take the bit between the unmanageable unteachable recalcitrance disobey
15 难以管教的
16 耐火
fire-resistive fireproof fire-resistant flame-retardant flameproof flame-resistant fireproofing fire-retardant salamandrine
17 难驾御的
18 执拗
thrawart difficult contrary stiff missionary thwart rusty willful tenacious intractable obstinate unrepentant dour recalcitrant ornery unregenerate obdurate mulish thrawn cussed pertinacious stouthearted contrarious uncomplying contrariwise crossly pertinacity self-will pressing angular wry wilful crabby cross-grained sulk dig heel's in crusty bigot crabbed balky cobby bullet-headed refractorily crustily obstinateness bigotry obduracy crustiness perseveration threap
19 难治的
20 固执的
cussed tough salty uncompromising tenacious wilful obstinate untoward incorrigible stiff-necked mulish self-willed pig-headed bull-headed contumacious pertinacious
21 倔强的
contrary stubborn willful intractable obstinate stiff-necked hard-bitten cross-grained hard-mouthed indocile stiff perverse dour recalcitrant peremptory cussed pigheaded game rank headstrong untoward fractious peevish thrawn rantankerous
23 难治疗的
24 耐火的
fire-resistive fireproof fire-resistant flame-retardant flameproof flame-resistant fire-retardant salamandrine
25 固执
cussed tough salty uncompromising tenacious wilful obstinate untoward incorrigible stiff-necked mulish self-willed pig-headed bull-headed contumacious pertinacious contumacy a will of own
26 难驾驭的
hardmouthed stubborn salty rusty unruly randy impracticable fractious cantankerous restive churlish obstreperous froward rantankerous repugnant inductile rebellious indiscipline kittle
27 倔强
contrary stubborn willful intractable obstinate stiff-necked hard-bitten cross-grained hard-mouthed frowardly contrarily waywardly stubbornness obstinacy perverseness waywardness orneriness contrariness asininity stiff perverse dour recalcitrant peremptory cussed pigheaded crosswise game rank headstrong untoward fractious peevish thrawn indocile rantankerous refractorily perversity crustiness indocility
28 难以控制
29 不易处理
31 难控制的
32 抗感染的
33 耐火砖
34 难以控制的
35 不易处理的