英:[ˈɒstrəsɪzəm]
美:[ˈɑstrəsɪzəm]
英:[ˈɒstrəsɪzəm]
美:[ˈɑstrəsɪzəm]
os·tra·cism
a str sih zm
词根:ostracise
vt.ostracize 放逐;排斥;按贝壳流放法放逐
ostracise (古希腊)贝壳放逐法;排斥(等于ostracize)
noun
a method of temporary banishment by popular vote without trial or special accusation practiced in ancient Greece
Ostracism of political opponents was a common practice in ancient Athens.
exclusion by general consent from common privileges or social acceptance Ostracism is a common fate for tell-all writers.—R. S. Coburn
For years she suffered ostracism from the scientific community.
公元1580年代,古代雅典人采用的一种法律政治方法,通过公开投票将被认为危害人民自由或令国家尴尬的人流放10年,来自法语 ostracisme(16世纪),现代拉丁语 ostracismus,或直接来自希腊语 ostrakismos,源自 ostrakizein “放逐”,来自 ostrakon “瓦片,陶片”,源自 PIE *ost-r-, 来自根 *ost- “骨头”,这也是希腊语 osteon “骨头”, ostreion “牡蛎”,以及德语 Estrich “铺路”(来自中世纪拉丁语 astracus “铺路”,最终源自希腊语 ostrakon)的来源。
之所以这样称呼,是因为每个公民都会在陶片或瓦片上划出他们希望被流放的人的名字。古代锡拉库萨的一种类似做法(流放五年)是将名字写在橄榄叶上,因此被称为 petalismos。在英语中,这个词在一般意义上指“驱逐,排斥”(从社会等方面),早在17世纪就已经出现了。
borrowed from New Latin ostracismus, borrowed from Greek ostrakismós, from ostrakízein "to ostracize" + -ismos -ism
The first known use of ostracism was in 1588
ostracizeverb
to force to leave or refuse to include by ostracism
ostracismnoun
a method of temporary banishment by popular vote without trial practiced in ancient Greece
a general refusal to include someone as part of a social group
1 You can’t believe the ostracism that parents can — by proxy — enforce through their kids ignoring neighbor kids.
2 The ostracism of beauty extends to every corner of public policy.
3 They faced hostility contempt ostracism .
他们面对着敌意、轻蔑和排斥。
4 Many live in the small, Christian community of Fairhope and fear ostracism.
5 But universal ostracism and unconditional ban on all his work seem excessive and unwarranted.
6 For there are two possible reactions to social ostracism—either a man emerges determined to be better, purer, and kindlier or he goes bad, challenges the world and does even worse things.
7 It sold 400, 000 copies. Last year, his novel “Cry Me a River, ” about the ostracism and suicide of a pregnant high school student, sold a million copies in 10 days.
去年,他的小说《悲伤逆流成河》,一本描写一个高中生放逐和怀孕后自杀的书在10天里创造了100万的销量。
8 The young men who go to prison rather than college face a lifetime of closed doors, discrimination, and ostracism.
9 It is that same fear, the fear of ostracism that causes people to conform and not question commonly accepted opinions or popular trends.
正是由于这种恐惧,即害怕被排斥的心理,使人们服从而不去质疑那些被广泛接受的观点或流行的趋势。
10 Beyond concerns about physical health, skin scratching and picking “has a social ostracism associated with it,” which can cause significant disruptions in people’s daily lives, Friedman said.
11 Exposing his predation or abuse, as Anderson, Baughn and several other women eventually did, meant social ostracism and the end of one’s Bikram teaching career.
12 Here he considers the ostracism faced by a retired black military man and his Japan-born wife, though that’s just one factor roiling to the surface during an agitated phase in their long marriage.
13 Then again, for most of us fighting in a restaurant, blowing up a business deal over a broken toilet seat, talking during a prayer service or going to all-out war with a coffee shop owner or another patient in the doctor’s waiting room would mean shame, social ostracism, possibly jail.
14 The same is true with adults, but without the mild ostracism.
15 A recent workplace study in Canada found that ostracism was worse than the negative attention of being bullied.
16 Until eight years ago, a married couple needed permission from their work unit to divorce, and many stayed in unhappy relationships for decades, scared of social ostracism.
就在八年之前,一对夫妇还需要他们的单位同意才能离婚,因此许多夫妇因为害怕社会的排斥而年复一年呆在不幸的婚姻里。
17 Questioning the status quo carries the danger of ostracism, possibly persecution.
质疑现状带来被排斥的危险,还很可能受到迫害。
18 She mentions the offense in a faculty lounge, only to face ostracism.
19 Some African healers blame illness on witchcraft, which can lead to ostracism of those accused.
一些非洲医士将疾病归咎于巫术, 这可能会导致病人受到其他人的排斥.
20 I recently spoke with a Presbyterian pastor who told me the very sad story of how her gay uncle’s ostracism from the church led to his suicide in 2006.
2 流放
transportation transport proscribe drive exile banishment presidio banish ostracize exilian exilic settlement
3 放逐
exilic transportation ban exile relegation banishment proscription transport banish relegate expatriate proscribe proscriptive deport ostracize exilian outlawry civil death expulsion dismiss eject
6 排斥
exclusive repellent repulsive exclusionary boycott marginalization turndown repel reject ostracize proscribe blackball exclude from exclusion repulsion rejection reprobation repulse reprobate shut the door upon freeze out of freeze out give the elbow leave out in the cold discrimination aversion proscription discriminate bar ice shut exclude pill marginal eject pip quarantine refel defy marginalize foreclose hem out