英:[ɪˈlɪbərəl]
美:[ɪˈlɪbərəl]
英:[ɪˈlɪbərəl]
美:[ɪˈlɪbərəl]
il·lib·er·al
ih lI b rl [or] ih lI brl
illiberally (adv.), illiberality (n.), illiberalness (n.)
词根:illiberal
adv.illiberally 吝啬地;小气地
n.illiberalism 反自由主义;非自由主义
illiberality 吝啬;狭隘;不自由;严格
adjective
not liberal: such as
not broad-minded : bigoted
illiberal thinking
opposed to liberalism
illiberal tendencies
not requiring the background of a liberal arts education
illiberal occupations
archaic not generous : stingy
lacking a liberal education
1530年代,“不绅士、卑鄙、卑贱”,源自法语 illiberal(14世纪),源自拉丁语 illiberalis “小气的,卑鄙的,肮脏的; 不值得作为自由人的; 吝啬的,不亲切的”,源自 in- 的同化形式“不,相反的”(见 in-(1))+ liberalis(见 liberal(形容词))。在政治上“心胸狭窄; 不关心他人的权利或自由”的意义可追溯至1640年代(作为此义的名词为1818年),并可能重新被使用以减轻 conservative 所承载的意义负担。
Middle French or Latin; Middle French, from Latin illiberalis ignoble, stingy, from Latin in- + liberalis liberal
The first known use of illiberal was in 1535
1 The class, he explains, allows students to make sense of “whether Trump really does represent an authoritarian threat to liberal democracy or whether he’s just an illiberal politician.”
2 Is it too late to stop Trump and the American neofascists and these other illiberal forces here and abroad?
3 Trump’s aim would be to create an illiberal international.
4 But put in its historical context, what Trump is doing is echoing views that are part of a long tradition of illiberal and outright fascist thought.
5 And in Hungary, cementing a Chinese economic footprint within the European Union, Xi offered warm praise for Prime Minister Viktor Orban, the illiberal leader who has been a thorn in the side of European allies in the more than two years since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine.
6 A victory next fall by the former president would portend the end of American Democracy as we have known it for some 250 years and the instigation of a new illiberal democracy or autocracy.
7 This illiberal turn in attitudes to migration is no surprise. It is the result of cyclical economic gloom combined with a secular rise in pressure on rich countries’ borders.
各国在对待移民态度上变得这么气量狭小不足为奇,这是周期性经济萧条和长期增长的富国边境压力协同作用的结果。
8 It is true that the products of science have been put sometimes to illiberal USES.
科技产品的用途有时也与自由背道而驰。
9 It would be not only illiberal-people should be allowed to indulge in their pleasures, even lethal ones-but also ineffective.
这一举措不仅有悖自由,而且并不见效,因为人们应该有权享受快乐,即使这种快乐是致命的。
10 Orbán, a nationalist populist whose illiberal policies have pushed him to the fringes of the European Union, made his country the first in the 27-member bloc to participate in Xi’s signature Belt and Road Initiative.
11 “Parents’ rights” is an expression used to cover for an illiberal public culture.
12 Marcuse suggests that unexamined ideologies of tolerance can mask or even engender illiberal and repressive forces in society.
13 But today “we are seeing the rise of illiberal democracy, or democracy without rights, and undemocratic liberalism, or rights without democracy,” Mounk writes.
14 He did not say much about the latest election — though he made headlines afterward, when he criticized the "illiberal left" for taking an arrogant view toward the "other 50%."
15 Butler, deeply illiberal, exerted his rights.
巴特勒心胸狭窄,滥用了自己所拥有的权力。
16 an illiberal society that viewed any artistic depiction of the nude as inherently indecent
17 That kind of state control may be over, even in illiberal Hungary.
18 The regime has been illiberal and authoritarian.
这样的政体是偏执的以及独裁的。
19 Ignorant is the most illiberal, because he has to face is a totally dark world.
无知者是最不自由的,因为他要面对的是一个完全黑暗的世界。
20 As shadow home secretary, and then as home secretary, he proposed illiberal policies, such as increasing police powers and restricting jury trials, mainly because he didn't want Labour to be thought "soft on crime".
1 顽固的
tough stubborn die-hard uncompromising perverse tenacious impenetrable unyielding obstinate dogged untoward opinionated asinine restive churlish obdurate flinty strong-minded balky mulish contumacious pigheaded hardheaded bolshy
2 狭隘
narrow provincial trivial insular small-minded blinkered narrowness provincialism small-mindedness
3 缺乏教育
4 粗鄙的
country gross hideous vulgar boorish churlish ribald ill-bred hoggish lowbred inurbane rank crude Gothic baroque vile Anglo-Saxon unrepeatable loutish slangy ungentlemanly
7 顽固
tough stubborn die-hard uncompromising perverse tenacious impenetrable unyielding obstinate dogged untoward opinionated asinine restive churlish obdurate flinty strong-minded balky mulish contumacious pigheaded hardheaded bolshy bigotry obstinacy obduracy cussedness harden toughen dig heel's in
8 褊狭的
9 思想偏狭
10 卑鄙的
mean little small base low cheap ugly miserable reptile filthy vile unworthy measly sordid scurvy snide contemptible squalid ignoble slavish seamy misbegotten hangdog pimping caitiff doggish currish whoreson
11 小气的
small cheap tight petty stingy mouldy parsimonious penny-pinching penurious niggardly tight-fisted mingy cheese-paring mean close near hungry miserable sordid skimpy churlish beggarly unhandsome costive close-fisted careful contracted nigh scaly nippy miserly small-minded niggard cheeseparing carking closefisted hardfisted ironfisted
12 气量狭窄的
14 气量狭窄
15 卑鄙
mean little small base low cheap ugly miserable reptile filthy vile unworthy measly sordid scurvy snide contemptible squalid ignoble slavish seamy misbegotten hangdog pimping caitiff doggish currish dirty whoreson turpitude filth
16 吝啬
narrowfisted small close near cheap tight Scottish stingy miserly parsimonious churlish penny-pinching chintzy penurious niggardly tight-fisted mingy unhandsome cheeseparing close-fisted hardfisted scrimpy begrudgingly scantily meanly churlishly parsimoniously closeness parsimony stinginess churlishness illiberality penny-pinch screw pinch scotch mean beggarly cheese-paring grasping chary niggard tightfisted closefisted nearly penury skimp scant hungry miserable sordid skimpy covetous ungenerous costive scrimp narrow-fisted little narrow managing skinny shabby paltry scaly scanty screwy grudging pinchpenny gripple skimpingly stingily charily pikerism nearness meanness smallness littleness miserliness chariness iron fisted careful nippy ironfisted chinchy hunks squeeze the eagle
17 无教养
18 粗鄙
country gross hideous vulgar boorish churlish ribald ill-bred hoggish lowbred vulgarize inurbane rank crude Gothic baroque vile Anglo-Saxon unrepeatable loutish slangy ungentlemanly broadly vulgarity barbarity broadness
19 小气
small close cheap tight petty stingy mouldy parsimonious penny-pinching penurious niggardly tight-fisted mingy cheese-paring parsimony mean near hungry miserable sordid skimpy churlish beggarly unhandsome costive close-fisted pinch careful contracted nigh scaly nippy miserly small-minded niggard cheeseparing carking closefisted hardfisted ironfisted smallness
20 粗俗
low common BASIC heavy rich broad rough gross coarse earthy vulgar barbaric lewd unrefined raunchy plebeian inelegant tatty artless graceless demotic indelicate scabrous countrified rorty underbred low-minded vulgarity barbarize
22 吝啬的
narrowfisted small close near cheap tight Scottish stingy miserly parsimonious churlish penny-pinching chintzy penurious niggardly tight-fisted mingy unhandsome cheeseparing close-fisted hardfisted scrimpy scotch mean beggarly chary hungry ungenerous ungiving cheese-paring grasping niggard tightfisted closefisted miserable sordid skimpy covetous costive narrow-fisted little narrow managing skinny shabby scant paltry scaly scanty screwy grudging pinchpenny gripple iron fisted careful scrimp nippy ironfisted chinchy
23 无教养的
illiterate uneducated unrefined uncouth uncultivated uncultured jungli underbred low bourgeois ill-bred hairy-heeled plain provincial rude Gothic vulgar Philistine ungentlemanly
24 偏执的
25 粗俗的
common salty broad raw rough gross crude rude colourful ripe coarse earthy vulgar illiterate barbarous raunchy farmyard uncouth inelegant raffish lavatorial roughcast low BASIC heavy rich barbaric lewd unrefined plebeian tatty artless graceless demotic indelicate scabrous countrified rorty underbred low-minded