英:[ˈʃɪbəleθ]
美:[ˈʃɪbəlɪθ, -ˌlɛθ]
英:[ˈʃɪbəleθ]
美:[ˈʃɪbəlɪθ, -ˌlɛθ]
shib·bo·leth
shI b leth [or] shI b lihth
复数:shibboleths
noun
a word or saying used by adherents of a party, sect, or belief and usually regarded by others as empty of real meaning
the old shibboleths come rolling off their lips—Joseph Epstein
a widely held belief
today this book publishing shibboleth is a myth—L. A. Wood
truism, platitude
some truth in the shibboleth that crime does not pay—Lee Rogow
a use of language regarded as distinctive of a particular group
accent was … a shibboleth of social class—Vivian Ducat
a custom or usage regarded as distinguishing one group from others
for most of the well-to-do in the town, dinner was a shibboleth, its hour dividing mankind—Osbert Sitwell
14世纪末,圣经翻译中,希伯来语 shibboleth 一词的意思是“洪水,流”,也可以指“玉米穗”,如在士师记 xii.4-6中所用。在约旦河渡口的屠杀中,基列人将其作为口令,以区分他们的人和逃跑的以法莲人,因为以法莲人无法发出 -sh- 音。 (现代评论家已经确定希伯来语中的那个词在那里可能是指“河流”的意思,指的是约旦河)。
因此,“党派,宗派,学派等的口号或测试词或口头禅”的比喻意义(从1630年代开始),到1862年演变为“仍然坚持的过时口号”。
在历史上的其他地方,类似的测试词是 cicera “鹰嘴豆”,用于在西西里晚祷(1282年)期间识别法国人(他们无法正确发音)。 还有其他的测试词,过去和将来都有。
During training exercises on Pavuvu and Guadalcanal, the need to improve battlefield security is to be implemented not by a simple password, but by an identification procedure described as "sign and countersign." The ground rules are to sequentially interrogate an unknown friend or foe with the name of an automobile, preferably one with an "L" in its vocalization. The response is to be a cognomen for another automobile uttered in the same manner. This insures the "friend" entering our lines will reply with the correct countersign in a dialect distinctly American; call out "Cadiwac" or "Chryswer," and you're dead. [Perry Pollins, "Tales of a Feather Merchant: The World War II Memoir of a Marine Radioman," 2006]
在 Pavuvu 和 Guadalcanal 的训练演习中,需要通过一种称为“标记和反标记”的识别程序来提高战场安全性,而不是简单的密码。地面规则是用一辆汽车的名字顺序询问一个未知的朋友或敌人,最好是一个发音中带有“L”的汽车。回答应该是以同样方式发音的另一辆汽车的名字。这确保了“朋友”进入我们的阵线时会用美国方言正确回答反标记; 大喊“Cadiwac”或“Chryswer”,你就死定了。[Perry Pollins,“Tales of a Feather Merchant: The World War II Memoir of a Marine Radioman”,2006]
Hebrew shibbōleth stream; from the use of this word in Judges 12:6 as a test to distinguish Gileadites from Ephraimites
The first known use of shibboleth was in 1638
shift1 of 2verb
to exchange for another of the same kind
to change the place, position, or direction of
to make a change in place, position, or direction
the wind shifted
to change the gear rotating the transmission shaft of an automobile
to get along without help : fend
left the others to shift for themselves
shift2 of 2noun
a means or device for getting something done
slip entry 2 sense 5a
chemise sense 2
the act of shifting
a group of workers who work together during a scheduled period of timealso: the period of time during which they work
gearshift
shifternoun
one that shiftsespecially: gearshift
shift1 of 2verb
to exchange for another of the same kind
to change the place, position, or direction of
to make a change in place, position, or direction
the wind shifted
to change the gear rotating the transmission shaft of an automobile
to get along without help : fend
left the others to shift for themselves
shift2 of 2noun
a means or device for getting something done
slip entry 2 sense 5a
chemise sense 2
the act of shifting
a group of workers who work together during a scheduled period of timealso: the period of time during which they work
gearshift
shield1 of 2noun
a broad piece of armor carried on the arm to protect oneself in battle
something that serves as a defense or protection
the ancient mass of hard rock that forms the core of a continent
shield2 of 2verb
to cover or screen with or as if with a shield
shield1 of 2noun
a broad piece of armor carried on the arm to protect oneself in battle
something that serves as a defense or protection
the ancient mass of hard rock that forms the core of a continent
shield2 of 2verb
to cover or screen with or as if with a shield
shield1 of 2noun
a broad piece of armor carried on the arm to protect oneself in battle
something that serves as a defense or protection
the ancient mass of hard rock that forms the core of a continent
shield2 of 2verb
to cover or screen with or as if with a shield
shy1 of 3adjective
easily frightened : timid
not feeling comfortable around people : not wanting or able to call attention to oneself
having less than a full or an expected amount or number
we were about ten dollars shy of our goal
shy2 of 3verb
to draw back in sudden dislike or distaste
shied from publicity
to move quickly to one side in fright
the horse shied
shy3 of 3noun
a sudden move to one side
shibbolethnoun
a slogan especially of a party or group
an idea or saying that is commonly believed
some behavior or use of language that identifies a person as belonging to a group
1 He shows how tech-world shibboleths like “dropping out,” “disruption,” “genius” and “failure” help shore up an industry built on privilege, machismo and even cruelty.
2 She repeated the old shibboleth that time heals all wounds.
3 “Giving up giving it up” becomes the shibboleth of Lysistrata and the girlfriends of the other players.
4 One of the most cherished shibboleths of the right is that African-Americans complain about police brutality while conveniently overlooking the violence in their own neighborhoods.
5 It’s a shibboleth that Steven Spielberg and George Lucas took hold of that new utopia of so-called movies for grownups and rendered it juvenile.
6 Henry Reid, engineer-in-charge of the Langley laboratory, crooned to his employees, the shibboleth a reminder of the importance of the airplane to the war’s outcome.
7 As I’ve been writing for nearly a year, the idea that wage increases drive inflation has been an enduring shibboleth among economists.
8 His article is stuffed with shibboleth.
他的文章中满是一些陈词滥调。
9 “The truth is that I found success by stumbling off alone in a direction most people thought was a dead end, breaking all the 1990s shibboleths about children’s books in the process.”
10 There are still those would insist on the last answer, which has been a critical shibboleth for a very long time.
11 Knowing which one is the white wine glass and which is the red is something of a shibboleth, and a person who will shame you for not being sure is a jerk.
12 One of the shibboleths of the increasingly fascist American right is a quote commonly attributed to the decade-dead Andrew Breitbart: "Politics is downstream from culture."
13 Letterboxd, the social network for recommending and reviewing movies, has become a kind of shibboleth for film nerds over the past decade.
14 But with the children taught this stuff, they are by about 10, 12 max, woeful concretenesses and shibboleths.
15 Her mission was to make a beautiful, livable, and—most important—eco-friendly interior that bucked the tired shibboleth that green living isn’t pretty.
16 Jazz shibboleths all come in for a questioning here.
17 But let flesh touch with flesh, and watch the fall of all the eggshell shibboleth of caste and color too.
18 Its invocation of shibboleths such as “medical freedom” and “health freedom” — coded justifications for opposition to vaccine mandates — led to its getting “picked up by the Republican Tea Party in Texas,” Hotez says.
19 But she flees old-time shibboleths; hers is its own kind of otherworldly.
20 The personal, as the old shibboleth goes, is political.
1 词语
2 服装
vestiary thing property wear dress habit trim toilet costume rig garment feather apparel dressing fig attire guise rigging garb drapery investiture toilette garniture caparison toggery turnout wearing apparel
4 习惯
regular given habitual wonted consuetudinary use way practice mode custom manner trick habit usage rite wont knack observance praxis habitus usance consuetude season accustom