英:[ˈsʌfrɪdʒ]
美:[ˈsʌfrɪdʒ]
英:[ˈsʌfrɪdʒ]
美:[ˈsʌfrɪdʒ]
suf·frage
suh frihj
词根:suffrage
n.suffragist 妇女政权论者;参政权扩大论者
noun
the right to vote in a political election, or the exercise of this right.Suffrage was won for U.S. women in 1920.Some states imposed obstacles to restrict the suffrage of blacks.
a vote cast for a candidate, proposal, or the like.
universal suffrage普选权
14世纪晚期,“代表他人的祈祷或恳求”,来自古法语 sofrage “恳求,请求”(13世纪)和直接来自中世纪拉丁语 suffragium,来自拉丁语 suffragium “支持,选票,投票权; 投票牌”,来自 suffragari “支持,给某人投票”的合成词,该词被推测由 sub “下”(见 sub-)+ fragor “碰撞声,嘈杂声(如赞成声)”构成,与 frangere “打破”有关(来自于 PIE 词根 *bhreg- “打破”)。据另一个理论(Watkins 等),第二个成分是 frangere 本身,意思是“使用破碎的瓦片作为投票牌”(类比于 ostracism)。
“赞成或反对任何事物的投票”是从1530年开始的。英语中“政治投票权”一词最初出现在1787年美国宪法中。
参政权
Middle English, "help, aid, intercessory prayer, indulgence," borrowed from Middle French & Medieval Latin; Middle French, borrowed from Medieval Latin suffrāgium "vote, selection, aid, support, intercessory prayer," going back to Latin, "vote cast in an assembly, right to vote, decision reached by a vote, influence exerted in support of a candidate or policy," from suffrāgor, suffrāgārī "to express public support (for a candidate, measure, etc.), be favorable (toward)" (from suf-, assimilated form of sub- sub- + -frāg-, probably from the base of frangere, past participle frāctus, "to break, shatter") + -ium, deverbal suffix of function or state — more at break >entry 1 Note: Senses of suffrage having to do with voting were borrowed directly from classical Latin from the 16th century onward. The older literal meaning of Latin suffrāgārī that presumably underlies the attested senses having to do with political support and voting is obscure. Though the identity of suf- is clear, the element -frāg- has been subject to varying analyses. The most commonly accepted view sees -frāg- —despite the unexpected vowel length—as representing the verb frangere, though the import is not obvious. The idea that the reference is to the use of broken pieces of tile or pottery in voting is unlikely in view of what is known of earlier Roman election practices; moreover, the primary meaning of the verb suffrāgārī is more oriented toward support of a candidate than the mechanics of voting. In a revival of an older analysis Jyri Vaahtera connects -frāg- with the noun fragor "noise of breaking, crash, noisy clamor, shouting," and assumes that the verb alluded to the noise of an armed assembly banging weapons as a sign of acclamation (see "The origin of Latin suffrāgium," Glotta, vol. 61 [1993], pp. 66-80.)
The first known use of suffrage was in the 14th century
sugarcoatverb
to coat with or as if with sugar
sugarcanenoun
a tall tropical grass that has a thick jointed stem and is widely grown in warm regions as a source of sugar
sugar bushnoun
woods in which sugar maples are more numerous than other kinds of trees
sugar1 of 2noun
a sweet substance that is made up wholly or mostly of sucrose, is colorless or white when pure, is obtained from plants (as sugarcane or sugar beets), is a source of dietary carbohydrate, and is used as a sweetener and preservative of other foods
any of various water-soluble compounds that vary widely in sweetness and make up the simpler carbohydrates
sugar2 of 2verb
to make something less hard to take or put up with
sugar advice with praise
to sprinkle or mix with sugar
to change to crystals of sugar
candy sugars when cooked too long
to make maple syrup or maple sugar
suffuseverb
to spread over or through in the manner of fluid or light
suffuseverb
to spread over or through in the manner of fluid or light
suffragistnoun
a person who supports extending voting rights especially to women
suffragettenoun
a woman who supported voting rights for women when women were not allowed to vote
suffragettenoun
a woman who supported voting rights for women when women were not allowed to vote
suffragenoun
the right of votingalso: the exercise of such right
1 The women’s suffrage advocates were on their own.
2 However, urbanization cannot fully explain women's suffrage.
然而,城市化并不能完全赋予妇女投票权。
3 Both women stayed at the elegant Hermitage Hotel, which became ground zero in the suffrage fight.
4 To make matters worse, by the end of 1871 fourteen out of fifteen state suffrage groups had left the National and joined the American Woman Suffrage Association.
5 Catt believed that her plan would result in full female suffrage in less than six years.
6 Women resigned from suffrage organizations, and prospective recruits refused to join.
7 Nearly 150 years later, the National American Woman Suffrage Association and its leader, Carrie Chapman Catt, asked for a specific law: suffrage.
8 Churches and gathering places refused to rent their halls to suffrage organizations.
9 It called on reforms in education, employment, property rights, religion, and, most notably, suffrage.
10 But progress on the issue of women’s suffrage on a national scale was moving at a painfully slow pace.
11 In 1869, the women’s suffrage movement experienced its first victory: The territory of Wyoming became the first US jurisdiction to grant women the right to vote.
12 The details of preparing for the suffrage parade were daunting, even the simplest ones.
13 An increasing number of states granted white manhood suffrage during his administration.
在他当政期间,保证白人成年公民选举权的州越来越多.
14 She stuck to the argument that in a democracy, women must have the right to vote, noting that female suffrage “serves the highest interest of the country.”
15 He was an advocate of universal suffrage as a basis for social equality.
他提倡普选权,认为这是社会公平的基础。
16 Thirteen suffragists or pilgrims walked 250 miles, from New York to Washington, DC, to join the March 3 suffrage procession.
17 As one of women's fundamental rights, their suffrage was added to the U.S. Constitution ofStates.
美国妇女权利运动后,妇女的投票权作为一项基本权利写入美国宪法.
18 That fall, she attended her first women’s rights convention, finally embracing the central importance of suffrage.
19 Now that they had the attention and the sympathy of the nation, the suffrage movement couldn’t afford to lose any momentum.
20 Senate in 1914, he was absent for the debates on women’s suffrage and Prohibition—two of the biggest political issues of his time.
3 赞成
friendly affirmative favourable consentient on aye right yes approval countenance approbation pro- for pro would assent accede support second sustain uphold allow agree approve subscribe say ditto to in favour assentient content favorable favor consent favour sympathy yea placet assentation sympathize buy sell dig endorse
4 短祷
6 同意
O.K. assentient favorable agreed agreeable consentient consentience yes agreement grant permission consent subscription blessing accord unison accession assent concurrence concordance approbation imprimatur assentation hold agree accept subscribe concur consign condescend paction side buy hear approve yield undertake sanction homologate approbate hear to see with content consentaneous arrangement adhesion close meet comply sympathize allow agree on sympathize with in agreement with understand each other in the affirmative give in adhesion hold by see eye to an eye concurrent affirmative favourable wilco leave acceptance sympathy firman accede second OK permit admit settle smile say ditto to say yes thumbs up pat on the back check ok approval nod whiz tumble gree see countersign me-too
8 投票赞成
9 投票权
10 代人祈祷
13 代祷