英:[səˈsteɪn]
美:[səˈsteɪn]
英:[səˈsteɪn]
美:[səˈsteɪn]
sus·tain
s steIn
第三人称单数:sustains
现在分词:sustaining
过去式:sustained
过去分词:sustained
sustainable (adj.), sustainingly (adv.), sustainment (n.)
词根:sustain
adj.sustainable 可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的
sustained 持续的;持久的;持久不变的
n.sustainability 持续性;永续性;能维持性
sustainer 支持者,维持者;主发动机;支撑的人物
sustentation 支撑,维持;食物
v.sustained 维持(sustain的过去式和过去分词);承受
Verb
1. lengthen or extend in duration or space;
"We sustained the diplomatic negociations as long as possible"
"prolong the treatment of the patient"
"keep up the good work"
2. undergo (as of injuries and illnesses);
"She suffered a fracture in the accident"
"He had an insulin shock after eating three candy bars"
"She got a bruise on her leg"
"He got his arm broken in the scuffle"
3. provide with nourishment;
"We sustained ourselves on bread and water"
"This kind of food is not nourishing for young children"
4. supply with necessities and support;
"She alone sustained her family"
"The money will sustain our good cause"
"There's little to earn and many to keep"
5. be the physical support of; carry the weight of;
"The beam holds up the roof"
"He supported me with one hand while I balanced on the beam"
"What's holding that mirror?"
6. admit as valid;
"The court sustained the motion"
7. establish or strengthen as with new evidence or facts;
"his story confirmed my doubts"
"The evidence supports the defendant"
sustain losses蒙受损失
这组词都有“支持,支援,拥护”的意思,其区别是:
support含义广泛,多指在道义上或物质上支持某人,也可指对某项事业的支持。
sustain侧重指连续不断的支持。
back通常指对论点、行动、事业等的强有力支持。
uphold既可指积极努力对陷入困境者的支持,也可指给某人在行动、道义或信仰上的支持。
advocate多指通过写文章或发表演说等来支持或拥护,往往暗示提倡某事或为某事辩护。
以上来源于网络
这组词都有“经历,经受,遭受”的意思,其区别是:
sustain指遭受痛苦或承受负担。
undergo多指经受艰难、痛苦、不愉快或危险等事。
suffer常可与sustain通用,尤指受到损害或伤害。
experience指亲身经受或体验某事。
以上来源于网络
13世纪晚期,及物动词 sustenen,意为“为生活提供必需品”; 14世纪初期,意为“支持; 身体上的支持,支撑或竖立; 提供帮助; 维持(争吵等)”,源自古法语 sostenir, sustenir “支撑,承受; 忍受,忍耐”(13世纪),源自拉丁语 sustinere “支撑,竖立; 提供支持手段; 承受,经历,忍受”。这来自于 sub “从下面向上”(见 sub-)和 tenere “持有”(源自 PIE 词根 *ten- “拉伸”)的同化形式。
“继续,保持”(一种行动等)的意思始于14世纪初期。“忍受(痛苦,困难,震惊)而不失败或屈服”的意义始于约1400年。法律上“承认为正确和有效”的意义始于15世纪初期。过去分词形容词 sustained 最早用于1775年,意为“保持或保持一致”,最初用于音乐符号; 钢琴的 sustaining pedal 于1889年被称为如此。
维持
确认
Verb Middle English sustenen, from Anglo-French sustein-, stem of sustenir, from Latin sustinēre to hold up, sustain, from sub-, sus- up + tenēre to hold — more at sub-, thin
The first known use of sustain was in the 13th century
swarm1 of 2noun
a great number of honeybees leaving together from a hive with a queen to start a new colony elsewherealso: a colony of honeybees settled in a hive
a large number grouped together and usually in motion a swarm of meteors
swarms of sightseers
swarm2 of 2verb
to form and leave a hive in a swarm
to move or gather in a swarm : throng
spectators swarmed into the stadium
to contain or fill with a swarm
sustainverb
to give support or relief to
to supply with nourishment
food sustains our bodies
to keep up : prolong
a book that will sustain your interest
to support the weight of : carry
to keep up the spirits of
hope sustained the people
to bear up under : endure
experience entry 2, undergo
sustained a serious wound
to support as true, legal, or just
to allow or admit as right
the court sustained the motion
prove sense 2a, confirm
1 They had sufficient food to sustain life.
他们有足够维持生命的食物。
2 From time to time she persuaded herself she remained for Briony’s sake, or to help her mother, or because this really was her last sustained period at home and she would see it through.
3 This network of family and friends sustained Mrs. Werner.
这样的家庭和朋友的关系网支持着沃纳太太.
4 Those who rely on current account surpluses to sustain demand must think again.
那些依靠经常账户盈余维持需求的国家必须改变想法.
5 There was something to sustain me over the next four weeks.
6 In the orchard the bees sounded like a wind getting up, a sound caught by a spell just under crescendo and sustained.
7 The routines of prison life following Shin’s interrogation and torture—discounting the screaming that periodically echoed down the prison corridor—were oddly sustaining.
8 The coffee was heartening and there was always a bun or a bologna sandwich to sustain her.
9 At first he was a silent effigy of sorrow; but then the lamentation rose out of him, loud and sustained as the conch.
10 Children who get sustained musical education have long been assumed to reap educational benefits in areas other than music.
11 When I'm done, Roza holds the last chord as long as the piano will sustain.
12 So it was that Ralph felt not only his future to have failed, but with it his past, the twin engine that might have sustained him.
13 Racing, a sport whose sustained dramatic action was ideally suited to narration, became a staple of the airwave.
14 When the jet was returned, it had sustained $100,000 worth of damage.
15 The national struggle could only be sustained by the innate valour of the common people.
这一民族斗争只能靠着普通人民的固有的英勇精神支撑下去.
16 Somehow, we have got to sustain that.
不管怎样,我们必须维持这种。
17 The French were barely able to sustain trading posts in the St. Lawrence and didn’t even try to plant their flag in pre-epidemic New England.
18 The confluence of race and sex was a powerful force in dismantling Reconstruction after the Civil War, sustaining Jim Crow laws for a century and fueling divisive racial politics throughout the twentieth century.
19 The investigation on the excess heat capacity of the obtained nanofluid sustains this opinion.
该体系超额热容的研究也支持这一观点.
20 Wives took up work outside the home, earning what they could to sustain their families over the rough patch.
1 持续
sostenuto standing steady persistent sustained perdurable ceaselessly tenuto maintenance persistence sustenance continuance be last hold continue stand stick endure persist perseverate perdure support maintain span consistent constant ongoing enduring continual relentless lingering unrelenting insistent unremitting through steadily relentlessly persistently insistently enduringly unremittingly untiringly continuation go run progress extend durative running endless unceasing indefatigable continuative duration continuity dwell follow-through bide stay on end uninterrupted solid continuous continued lasting sitting flowing perpetuate go on run on hold out continuing sustaining hand-running durance
4 维持
sustaining keep support maintenance retention conservation upkeep sustenance last hold carry maintain observe retain preserve prop entertain uphold persevere underprop sustentative preservation keeping rule lie sustentation subsist persistence persist stick to hold out stay feed prop up sustention possess affirm
6 承认
grant admission recognition reception acceptance allowance sanction confession acknowledgement recognizance cognizance avowal acceptation own allow hear agree admit confess profess receive accept establish recognize ok yield acknowledge convince endorse concede avow countersign
8 支撑
sustentacular supporting sustaining support hold stay staff kickstand bolster carry bear shore prop brace strut persevere stanchion nog upbear bracket shore up sustentative underset uphold underpin underprop abutment sustentation pedestal help block float manage rest hold up buttress prop up sustention
9 保持
maintenance retention preservation make retain preserve uphold nourish retentive holding keep hold maintain bear possess poise conservation continuance stay save sit lie observe abide held last leave cling to hold down seal in sustenance have reserve persist stand
11 加强
intensive forte swell consolidation intensification corroboration intension stiffen redouble screw strengthen beef cement sharpen thicken intensify underline energize replenish heighten condense fortify mend exalt corroborate imp whet potentiate
13 供应
offer supply provision arsenal purveyance treat find provide store serve fill stock accommodate outfit purvey be supplied with
14 经历
experience record history background affair of have meet taste suffer undergo go through meet with plunge into put through
15 认可
license admission approval warranty recognition subscription acceptance authorization sanction endorsement concession ratification approbation imprimatur acceptation authentification O.K. exequatur admit agree accept recognize approve authorize endure ratify sanctify canonize homologate approbate canonical palatable blessing count okay validate be on admissive approbatory recognitory consentaneous consentient nonrepudiation consentience OK certification charter fiat sign-off okey okeh confirm endorse notice affirm accredit countenance attune sign off on recognized respect validation acknowledgement take allow acknowledge allowance uphold countersign permit valid acceptable credit validity buy-in look kindly on look kindly upon approved settle for accepted confirmation amen placet certificate
16 遭受
take get give put receive cause stand court subject catch suffer sentence undergo incur plunge wreak aby thole lie under have cop inflict subjection register expose pass tolerate meet endure exposure see experience bring on yourself go through subject to bring on condemn at the receiving end hit
19 忍受
tolerance endurance passivity toleration suffer have forbear dree go take support stand stick bear pocket stomach absorb endure swallow tolerate lump abide brook bide comport thole sit down under away with stand still stand under sit still for acceptance allowance stoicism submit wear accept undergo sweat it out bearing hack take it put up with bear with patience longanimity digest
20 赞成
amen support yes consent favour yea affirmative assent aye pro back second agree sanction concur hold with by acclamation friendly favourable consentient on right approval countenance suffrage approbation pro- for would accede uphold allow approve subscribe say ditto to in favour
21 补养
22 经受
have undergo feel receive stick suffer withstand outlive subject tolerate plumb get take stand submit taste bear experience brave subject to put through
23 能胜任
24 继续
continuous continued continuing continuative continuate contin. con. contd. train sequel continuity continuation continuance last run hold continue pursue resume maintain pick up the threads right along running unceasing on away succession after keep proceed subsist bide make hang in there contd cont. resumption carry pick up the thread hold on keep going hold tight go on pick up get back to carry on pick up on
25 扮演
representation figure do take play support act present perform represent enact simulate personate in the character of ACT portray impersonate play-act
26 承担
assumed assumption undertaking undertake take charge accept assume encumber have charge of sit still for engage take upon oneself charge oneself with
28 赡养
29 证实
confirmative witness proof confirmation demonstration verification ratification authentification constatation testify corroborate show support establish prove confirm demonstrate verify certify underpin ratify fortify substantiate corroboratory affirmation attestation corroboration substantiation affirm circumstantiate guarantee validate attest aver bring home testify to evidence favour authenticate approve check over go to show check on bear witness to bear out cert. vindicate back up speak to substantiative supporting corroborative favor
30 鼓励
infusive incentive reassuring promotive house cheer sanction buildup countenance thumbs-up send-off fosterage gee buck hearten put stay heart encourage comfort prompt foster cultivate chuff inebriate inspirit a slap on the back hold hand carry along a shot in the arm hortatory promotion agitation incitement stimulate support second excite uphold incite embolden reanimate put heart into supportive promote inspire urge propel animate buoy patronize call smile spur clap on the back spirit up shot in the arm
31 给与精力
32 忍耐
restrained patient stay patience bearing endurance forbearance sufferance longanimity bear endure persevere forbear help support stand contain stick suffer stomach resist swallow lump abide bide dree outstand stick with it
34 承受
acceptance inheritance receive honor bear absorb fall heir to have charge of enter take inflict take in hand cope hold lump pocket stomach charge suffer
36 准许
leave permission licence license open enabling permissive thumbs-up permit have admit sanction countenance permit of blessing go-ahead agree let licit the all-clear OK consent clearance green light say-so allow clear green-light allowable permissible greenlight admissibility empower licet
37 鼓舞
stirring stimulative inspiration spur impulse excitation build-up invigoration impulsion innerve support spirit inspire lift spark cheer elevate ginger kindle infuse animate quicken persevere rouse invigorate reanimate elate vitalize roust
38 确认
confirmative confirmation verification affirmation acknowledgment affirmance confirm seal quiet acknowledge validate uphold affirm countersign affirmative corroboratory identification authentication validation support identify recognition recognize have on good authority tell verify warrant make sure of admission endorsement accept endorse homologate see admit set seal to id aver substantiative
40 证明
testimonial demonstrative probative evincive cert. record evidence argument witness proof certification testament demonstration tribute testimony token verification probation hallmark telltale vindication testation cedula constatation pan certify testify attest show try support clear speak prove demonstrate approve argue seal verify manifest voucher confess evince bespeak bear witness confirmatory confirmative attestation vouch warrant vindicate notarize circumstantiate give proof of go to show paper certificate confirm substantiate it goes to show give witness to give witness bear witness to confirmation betoken be a tribute to witness to evidential vindicatory authentication tell affirm kithe aver
41 支承
42 维持生命
43 支持
sustentacular friendly supporting supportive patronizing support strength behalf identification sanction advocacy endorsement backing patronage countenance sustenance auspice underpinning aliment backstay advocation sustentation with root side identify plunk bolster backstop back second hold stay maintain champion favor advocate stake prop uphold nourish underpin underlie fortify crutch buttress patronize undergird underprop come in favor of carry the banner for stand up and be counted hold a brief for take up for in favor of hold hand stand with carry along sustaining push championship sympathy aegis espousal behind last enlist carry bear sponsor defend endorse buoy espouse upbear at back take part with take the part of on the side of in support of at the back of take part in back of take sides pat on the back in favour of blessing favour pro- pro for associate encourage AID align ally rally cheer affirm corroborate be there for stand up for in favour in the cause of bat for speak up for stick up for strike a blow for throw weight behind in aid of suspensory adhesion indorsement sustention help back of be on the side of sympathetic umbrella sub- adhere promote advance stand to on the right side of in sympathy hold with favourable assistance representation vote plead nurture sympathize be with on identify yourself with stick up for yourself have got back be with back up on board stand for stand by be identified with have back attached promotion attachment alignment encouragement adherence range strengthen be wedded to prime the pump adhere to get behind sustentative proponent maintenance backup holding siding endure underset strut pedestal persevere sinew uprear
44 给…以力量