英:[ˈkʌltʃə(r)]
美:[ˈkʌltʃər]
英:[ˈkʌltʃə(r)]
美:[ˈkʌltʃər]
cul·ture
kuhl chr
复数:cultures
第三人称单数:cultures
现在分词:culturing
过去式:cultured
过去分词:cultured
词根:culture
adj.cultural 文化的;教养的
cultured 有教养的;人工培养的;讲究的
adv.culturally 从文化角度,文化意义上;在人文学方面
n.culturati 文化人;有文化阶层
v.cultured 栽培;教化(culture的过去分词)
noun
the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social groupalso: the characteristic features of everyday existence (such as diversions or a way of life) shared by people in a place or time Southern culture
popular culture
the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution or organization
a corporate culture focused on the bottom line
the set of values, conventions, or social practices associated with a particular field, activity, or societal characteristic Changing the culture of materialism will take time …—Peggy O'Mara
studying the effect of computers on print culture
the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations
enlightenment and excellence of taste acquired by intellectual and aesthetic training
acquaintance with and taste in fine arts, humanities, and broad aspects of science as distinguished from vocational and technical skills
a person of culture
the act or process of cultivating living material (such as bacteria or viruses) in prepared nutrient mediaalso: a product of such cultivation
cultivation, tillage
We ought to blame the culture, not the soil.—Alexander Pope
the act of developing the intellectual and moral faculties especially by education
expert care and training
beauty culture
verb
transitive verb
cultivate
to grow in a prepared medium
culture microorganisms
to start a culture from (see culture entry 1 sense 3)
culture soil
traditional culture传统文化
corporate culture企业文化,公司文化
enterprise culture企业文化
western culture西方文化
national culture民族文化
campus culture校园文化
tissue culture组织培养;体素培养
local culture本土文化;地方文化
popular culture大众文化,通俗文化;流行文化
culture medium培养基(培养微生物的养料)
human culture人类文化;人类文明
american culture美国文化
cell culture细胞培养
folk culture民俗文化;民间文化
culture industry文化产业;文化工业
physical culturen. 体育
foreign culture外国文化
mass culture大众文化;大量培养
organizational culture组织文化
pop culture流行文化;通俗文化;波普文化
这组词都有“文化,文明”的意思,其区别是:
civilization指广义的文化,标志人类发展开化的进程。强调物质方面的文明。
culture侧重指精神方面,即多由科技、文化等所体现的人类智力开发的程度。
以上来源于网络
15世纪中期,“耕种土地,为农作物准备土壤的行为”,源自拉丁语 cultura “耕作,农业”,比喻为“关心,文化,尊重”,源自 colere 的过去分词词干“照顾,保护; 耕作,种植”(见 colony)。1620年代,“种植或饲养作物,促进植物生长的行为”被转移到鱼、牡蛎等,1796年被转移到“在适宜的环境中生产细菌或其他微生物”,然后在1884年被转移到“这种文化的产物”。
通过教育进行“通过教育,系统地改进和提高头脑”的比喻意义可以追溯到大约1500年; 《世纪词典》写道,它“在19世纪之前并不常见,除非有强烈的隐喻意识,尽管西塞罗在拉丁文中使用过。”“学习和品味,文明的智力方面”是在1805年之前; 与之密切相关的“一个民族的集体习俗和成就,一种特定的集体智力发展形式”的意义是在1867年之前。
For without culture or holiness, which are always the gift of a very few, a man may renounce wealth or any other external thing, but he cannot renounce hatred, envy, jealousy, revenge. Culture is the sanctity of the intellect. [William Butler Yeats, journal, 7 March, 1909]
因为没有文化或神圣,这总是极少数人的礼物,一个人可以放弃财富或任何其他外部事物,但他不能放弃仇恨、嫉妒、嫉妒、复仇。文化是智力的神圣。[威廉·巴特勒·叶芝,日记,1909年3月7日]
俚语 culture vulture “一个贪婪的文化人”来自1947年。Culture shock “当一个人移居到不同的文化环境或陌生的生活方式时所经历的失落感”可以追溯到1940年。讽刺或蔑视的拼写 kulchur 可以追溯到1940年(庞德),并与 kultur 相比。
地物
栽培
[拉 cultura]培养法:在促生长的特殊培养基中繁殖微生物或活组织细胞的方法
培养物:微生物或其他活细胞生长物
培养:在促生长的特殊培养基中繁殖微生物或活组织细胞。另见culture medium
文化
培养物
培养基
Noun and Verb Middle English, cultivated land, cultivation, from Anglo-French, from Latin cultura, from cultus, past participle — see cult
The first known use of culture was in the 15th century
cumconjunction
along with being : in addition to
worked as cook-cum-dishwasher
culvertnoun
a drain or waterway crossing under a road or railroad
culture1 of 2noun
cultivation sense 1, tillage
the raising or development of a product or crop by careful attention the culture of grapes
bee culture
improvement of the mind, tastes, and manners through careful training
a particular stage, form, or kind of civilization
ancient Greek culture
the beliefs, social practices, and characteristics of a racial, religious, or social group
the characteristic features of everyday life shared by people in a particular place or time
southern culture
cultivation of living material (as bacteria) in a special usually liquid or jellylike nutrient preparationalso: a product of such cultivation
culture2 of 2verb
to grow in a prepared medium
culture1 of 2noun
cultivation sense 1, tillage
the raising or development of a product or crop by careful attention the culture of grapes
bee culture
improvement of the mind, tastes, and manners through careful training
a particular stage, form, or kind of civilization
ancient Greek culture
the beliefs, social practices, and characteristics of a racial, religious, or social group
the characteristic features of everyday life shared by people in a particular place or time
southern culture
cultivation of living material (as bacteria) in a special usually liquid or jellylike nutrient preparationalso: a product of such cultivation
culture2 of 2verb
to grow in a prepared medium
culturedadjective
cultivated sense 2
produced under artificial conditions cultured pearls
cultured viruses
culture1 of 2noun
cultivation sense 1, tillage
the raising or development of a product or crop by careful attention the culture of grapes
bee culture
improvement of the mind, tastes, and manners through careful training
a particular stage, form, or kind of civilization
ancient Greek culture
the beliefs, social practices, and characteristics of a racial, religious, or social group
the characteristic features of everyday life shared by people in a particular place or time
southern culture
cultivation of living material (as bacteria) in a special usually liquid or jellylike nutrient preparationalso: a product of such cultivation
culture2 of 2verb
to grow in a prepared medium
culture1 of 2noun
the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action, and artifacts and depends upon the human capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations
the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group
the act or process of growing living material (as bacteria or viruses) in prepared nutrient media
a product of cultivation in nutrient media
culture2 of 2transitive verb
to grow (as microorganisms or tissues) in a prepared medium
to start a culture fromalso: to make a culture of culture milk
culture soil
1 The culture shock I’d felt when I first got to campus was real.
2 Because of this unusual clarity and because Howard meticulously documented his work there, even the most skeptical archaeologists quickly accepted the existence and antiquity of the Clovis culture.
3 Magazines called his culture medium “an elixir of youth” and claimed that bathing in it might make a person live forever.
4 Can he suggest what a non-Whiggish, legitimate history of these areas of culture would look like?
5 I don’t want to stop myself from developing relationships with people because of their race or culture or where they come from.
6 The institutions have realised they need to change their culture to improve efficiency and service.
这些机构已经意识到需要改变他们的内部文化以提高效率、改进服务。
7 Totally at odds with our culture, we wanted nothing less than to make anew; and, for our examples, we looked toward Russia, Germany, and France.
8 Much still needs to be done before it can join the ranks of cultured nations.
我们还要付出许多努力,才能加入具有文化修养国家的行列.
9 At worst, I was a potential terrorist; at best, I was an outsider who wouldn’t fit into corporate culture.
10 Evidently there are certain fundamental experiences and modes of reasoning that are universal and can be regarded as valid in any and every human culture.
11 In certain cultures, both adults and children play games.
12 Galen’s text had never been accompanied by illustrations—Galen explicitly said that illustrations were worthless—because in a manuscript culture complex illustrations degrade rapidly each time they are copied.
13 And in a sense she would be right: the poor have disappeared from the culture at large, from its political rhetoric and intellectual endeavors as well as from its daily entertainment.
14 No one at my high school knew much about Iran and mostly associated my culture with terrorism and magic carpets.
15 But this is to begin literary culture at the wrong end.
但是,这恰恰将语文的修养过程本末倒置.
16 As I tried to assimilate into American culture, tensions between my parents and me grew.
17 Europeans who colonized the Americas came from their own rich, ancient cultures.
18 "I don't have an extra pen," I whispered, complete sentences for whispers, that's what tells you I was still a greenhorn in this culture.
19 Then how can Clausewitz’s problem be that he didn’t put enough stock in culture?
20 “It’s the same for women not being thin enough, or men not being rich enough. It’s just what our culture would have you believe. Don’t believe it.”
1 修养
practice education Mike equipment discipline polish cultivation cultural recreation rec cultivate
3 教养
accomplishment breeding cultivation upbringing rear breed cultural nurture bringing-up discipline nourish quality education correction acquirement refinement
4 栽培
cultivate domesticate garden plant growth cultivated cultivation produce grow cultural tame raise husband rear crop cultured grown educate
8 文化修养
11 风俗
14 开化
17 训练
training exercise drill discipline rehearsal train breed workout breeding nurture pedagogy practice educate put one up to go into training disciplinary school drilling schooling gymnastic fit enter manage teach inform disciple saddle disciplinal disciplinarian break coach tutor
18 培养
education acquisition nurture incubation school rear acquire breed educate Foster cultivate incubate training upbringing raise foster nourish train nurse groom cultured cultivation rearing produce programme rear on form tune instil bring up cultural cultivated bring along growth nourishment develop develope