英:[ˈsʌbstrɑ:təm]
美:[ˈsʌbstreɪtəm]
英:[ˈsʌbstrɑ:təm]
美:[ˈsʌbstreɪtəm]
sub·stra·tum
suhb streI tm [or] suhb strae tm
复数:substrata或substratums
substratal (adj.)
词根:substrate
n.substrate 基质;基片;底层(等于substratum);酶作用物
substructure 基础;信念;底部构造
noun
an underlying support : foundation: such as
substance that is a permanent subject of qualities or phenomena
the material of which something is made and from which it derives its special qualities
a layer beneath the surface soilspecifically: subsoil
substrate sense 2
linguistics a component of a language (such as a part of its phonology, syntax, or lexicon) that remains from absorption of a pre-existing language in the region where the language is currently spoken
"1630年代,源自现代拉丁语 substratum(复数 substrata),是拉丁语 substernere 的中性单数过去分词的名词用法,意为“在下面铺开”,源自 sub “在...下面”(参见 sub-)和 sternere “铺开,展开,伸展”,源自 PIE 词根 *stere- “展开”。
酶作用物,酶解物,底物
下层,基层,底层
底土层
"土壤剖面下部的土层,或指深厚B层的下部,或指B层与C层过渡的层次,或指母质层。"
生长基质
又称“附着基”。海藻和某些贝类生长的附着物。
Medieval Latin, from Latin, neuter of substratus, past participle of substernere to spread under, from sub- + sternere to spread — more at strew
The first known use of substratum was in 1631
subterfugenoun
the action of deceiving usually by slyness in order to avoid some unpleasant circumstance (as to escape blame)
a plan or trick that employs sly deception
subsumeverb
to include or place within something larger or more general
red and green are subsumed under the term "color"
substructurenoun
an underlying or supporting part of a structure
substratumnoun
an underlying support or layer: as
the material of which something is made
a layer beneath the surface layer of soil : subsoil
substrate sense b
substratumnoun
the material of which something is made and from which it derives its special qualities
substrate sense 2
1 For Roth, Judaism was substratum, a world to which he always returned but was never afraid to leave, even if only for Manhattan or the Berkshires.
2 Meantime we are aware also of a substratum of fragmentary automatic, liminal ideas, of which we take small account.
3 Anatomical information..forms an excellent substratum on which to build future experiments.
4 In the same way, the world is a phenomenon upon the substratum of the single Reality which is not affected by it in any way.
同样的道理,世界仅仅是覆盖在那“唯一真实”之上的现象,那唯一真实丝毫不受现象的影响。
5 What that substratum in the case of Judaism is claimed to be, we shall presently discover.
6 The best nutrition supply was basic substratum mixed with rapeseed cake liquid.
营养供给以基本基质加菜籽饼水液为佳.
7 They are retiring and quirky at the same time, emerging from the substratum of shyness on which Enigmatic Andy the Superstar was constructed.
8 C Horizon: This is substratum and is a zone of mechanical weathering.
9 But there are other limitations to Scott's powers that show more clearly how much of his fame rests on the substratum of national life on which he builds.
10 Sponge larvae are able to swim; however, adults are non-motile and spend their life attached to a substratum.
11 The best nutrition supply was basic substratum mixed with rapeseed cake liquid.
营养供给以基本基质加菜籽饼水液为佳。
12 "Experience the first," said Harry; "the apparition has no tangible material substratum."
13 The soil has a substratum of rock.
这土壤下面有层石头。
14 The tiny shear displacement between superstratum and substratum steel pieces is allowable, so good contact state is kept when axes may be inclined.
垫片上下两层钢质片允许发生微量的剪切位移,从而在轴颈偏斜时能保持良好的接触状态。
15 Schliemann, Dr. Lightfoot states, "says that 'the external testimonies oblige him to recognize a genuine substratum,' though he is not satisfied with either existing recension."
16 Even here, though, abyssal tuba notes exposed a sonic substratum.
17 The basis of Joan's character is religious enthusiasm: this is the substratum, the foundation of all that wild and mighty power which made her, the peasant girl, the savior of her country.
18 Furthermore, according to the practical foundation shapes, the consolidation models of the soil between piles and the substratum are built and solved respectively.
此外,根据实际的地基结构,建立了桩间土和下卧层的固结模型并分别进行求解分析。
19 Some have sought to find in it the substratum of the present populations of western Europe.
20 Professor Lomdak said some Hindus may see tribal animist faiths simply as a substratum of their own.
4 胶层
5 基岩
7 底层
bottom basement sealer mezzanine undercoat base substrate bedding ground floor ground level underlying bed downstairs
10 基础
base ground basic fundamental basal hdqrs. H.Q. headquarters element bottom foundation basis root infrastructure radical basement grammar baseline warp cornerstone footing pedestal grounding bedrock primordial underpinning firmament rudiment substructure hypostasis fundament donkeywork principium subjacency substruction elementary fundamentally bed keystone corner-stone ABC's groundwork ABC Hardpan staddle underpinner ground zero fabric pillar primary underlying foot rest bedding rationale BASIC essential elemental basilar anlage understructure toehold
15 床岩
16 基本特征
18 根据
according subject ground evidence foundation basis substance by per in terms of depending on in the light of in accord with base cause matter bottom authority occasion warranty to after in accordance with
19 下层土
20 根本
home ground bottom basic essential primary root ultimate organic fundamental underlying radical primitive primal seminal Copernican hypostatic deep-going hdqrs. H.Q. anywhere essentially headquarters hang sluice taproot hypostasis ultimacy be-all subjacency for nuts anywhere near capital elementary thorough rudimental foundation seed radix