英:[prɪˈzjuːm]
美:[prɪˈzuːm]
英:[prɪˈzjuːm]
美:[prɪˈzuːm]
pre·sume
prih zum
第三人称单数:presumes
现在分词:presuming
过去式:presumed
过去分词:presumed
presumedly (adv.), presumingly (adv.)
词根:presume
adj.presumable 可能有的;可推测的
presumptive 假定的;根据推定的
adv.presumably 大概;推测起来;可假定
n.presumption 放肆,傲慢;推测
transitive verb
to take as a matter of fact without questioning or without proof; take for granted; assume.He presumed that his girlfriend would help him with the project.She was wearing a white coat, so I presumed she was the doctor.
to take on (some action) without authority or invitation.He presumed to seat himself next to the guest of honor.[verb + infinitive]She was annoyed that her mother presumed to throw out her old pair of jeans.[verb + infinitive]
intransitive verb
to take something as a matter of fact without questioning or without proof.You should ask me first; why do you simply presume?
to go beyond what is appropriate or expected; take liberties (usu. fol. by "on" or "upon").Asking for such a favor presumes upon our friendship.
这组词都有“假设,猜想,推测”的意思,其区别是:
presume侧重以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把某事认定为是事实。
suppose常用词,意义较广泛,指缺乏确切事实,根据一些现象进行的推测,也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定,有时仅表示自己的意见。
guess常用词,指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
postulate指为证实一个理论的正确性而进行的假设。
assume指有很少或完全无根据的武断推测或不合逻辑的推理。
以上来源于网络
14世纪晚期, presumen,“承担,冒昧”,也指“基于可能的证据,预设,相信或接受”,尤其是过于自信,源自古法语 presumer(12世纪)和直接源自拉丁语 praesumere “预期”,在晚期拉丁语中,“假定”,来自 prae “在...之前”(见 pre-) + sumere “拿,获得,购买”,来自 sus‑,变体为 sub‑ “从下面向上” + emere “拿”(源自 PIE 词根 *em- “拿,分配”)。
To presume is to base a tentative or provisional opinion on such knowledge as one has, to be held until it is modified or overthrown by further information. [Century Dictionary]
假定是基于已知的知识形成的暂时或临时意见,应该保持,直到它被进一步的信息修改或推翻。[世纪词典]
“冒昧超越普通许可或适当性的限制”和“自负地向前推进”的不及物意义始于15世纪早期。相关词汇: Presumed; presumedly; presuming; presumingly。
推定
Middle English, from Late Latin & Anglo-French; Anglo-French presumer, from Late Latin praesumere to dare, from Latin, to anticipate, assume, from prae- + sumere to take — more at consume
The first known use of presume was in the 14th century
presumptuousadjective
going beyond what is proper
presumptionnoun
presumptuous attitude or behavior
strong reason for believing something to be so in spite of lack of proof
something believed but not proved
presumptionnoun
presumptuous attitude or behavior
strong reason for believing something to be so in spite of lack of proof
something believed but not proved
presumeverb
to undertake without permission or good reason : dare
presume to question the authority of a superior
to expect or assume with confidence : feel sure
I presume you'll fly if you do go
to suppose to be true without proof
presume a person innocent until proved guilty
presumeverb
to undertake without permission or good reason : dare
presume to question the authority of a superior
to expect or assume with confidence : feel sure
I presume you'll fly if you do go
to suppose to be true without proof
presume a person innocent until proved guilty
presumeverb
to undertake without permission or good reason : dare
presume to question the authority of a superior
to expect or assume with confidence : feel sure
I presume you'll fly if you do go
to suppose to be true without proof
presume a person innocent until proved guilty
1 It is wrong to presume guilt or innocence without due process.
假如证据不足就去判有罪或无罪那是武断.
2 I wouldn't presume to question your judgment.
我不会冒昧地质疑你的判断。
3 “Over here, Commander. You’ve come to push a button with my face, I presume.”
4 You are a fine swimmer, I presume.
我相信你一定是位很好的游泳能手.
5 “Is she still at work?” “I presume so, since she's not home.”
6 Defender — an opponent of ( presumed ) declarer.
防家—— ( 假定 ) 庄家的任一对手.
7 "Quite possibly they presumed me dead. There was nothing anyone could do to help me."
8 The following year , letters went out informing them their loved ones were presumed dead.
第二年, 被公布的信告知他们说,据推测,他们的亲人们已经死亡.
9 No one should be allowed to get presuming to think or feel for you.
只有你明白自己不舒服的真实程度和情感需要,谁都不可以自认为能够想你之所想或感你之所感.
10 Assume is closer to “suppose,” or “take for granted”; the much stronger presume is closer to “believe,” “dare,” or “take too much for granted.”
11 Her children were presumed to have intellectual advantages both inherited and conditioned.
12 But it reflects the new tone with which China presumes it can address a humbled superpower.
但从中可以看出,中国认为,与一个受挫的超级大国对话时,可以采用一种新的口气.
13 Of the presumed inhabitants of the moons of Saturn, Huygens therefore wrote: “It is impossible but that their way of living must be very different from ours, having such tedious Winters.”
14 In English law, an accused man is presumed innocent until he is proved guilty.
根据英国的法律, 被告未经证明有罪即认为是清白的.
15 The law presumes innocence until guilt is proved.
在罪状未证实前,法律假定被告无罪。
16 We must presume innocence until we have proof of guilt.
在证实一个人有罪之前,我们必须假定其无辜。
17 The condition is not recognized clinically and is presumed to be rare.
这种情况在临床上尚未证实,据推测很少见到.
18 They are very expensive, I presume?
我想这些东西很贵吧?
19 It violated the core of virtue and disinterestedness presumed essential for anyone properly equipped to oversee public affairs.
20 Tom: Ah , Hagrid ! The usual, I presume?
汤姆: 啊! 海格! 老样子对吧?
1 想当然
2 恃
3 放肆
self-abandoned free wild wanton presumptuous madcap tomboyish freely wantonly impudently ungovernably ungovernableness license freedom fling licentiousness wantonness self-abandonment familiarity presumption audacity sass effrontery impudicity forward fresh familiar shameless cocky audacious in-your-face impudent ungovernable presuming front liberty licence crust unbridle extravagant laxative unbridled immodest licentious self-abandon abandon abandonment immodesty immoderation unrestraint rage large gay cheeky dissolution freeness extravagate
4 认为
to conceive make think call feel hold rate account consider believe understand expect hit figure trust submit count guess judge regard calculate suppose fancy deem reckon esteem opine adjudge ween have an idea that be of opinion that hold oneself look upon as think that think to consider to apprehend have find allow view assume imagine attach interpret look upon reckon for say take give perceive contend put down as in the belief that see number put refer argue accredit repute hope
5 冒昧去做
8 设定
9 不客气
self-asserting short-spoken round loud outspoken offhand flippant presuming self-assertive unpolite short shortly outright offhandedly familiarity flippancy it's a pleasure the pleasure is mine you're welcome my pleasure
11 利用
exploiture use improvement employment utilization exploitation imposition trade impose capitalize improve exercise mine utilize employ tap embrace exploit harness manipulate salvage parlay uti capitalize upon turn to advantage put to account turn to account presume upon press into service practise on practise upon bring into play call into play avail oneself of make capital of play upon make a market of make market of cash in on profit by recover seize exert inspan take touch deploy practise avail walk all over take advantage of make use of trade on put upon
12 猜想
illative conjecture illation guess imagine suspect guess at conjectural think calculate infer presuppose perhaps make expect doubt fancy
13 假设
theoretical hypothetical supposing assumption hypothesis presumption postulate assume posit hypothesize take it providing if premise conjecture mythos ansatz say let imagine assumed presumptive suppose presuppose take it that supposition given supposed conditional subjunctive assumptive hypothetic thesis
14 冒昧
sassy presumptuous impertinent presuming liberty presumption impertinence pretend bold familiar familiarly familiarity nerve
15 占便宜
17 设想
supposing scenario prospect projection conception see picture imagine suppose conceive visualize envisage take it take it that if perhaps presumption conjecture speculate shape assume fancy reconstruct ween
18 擅自行动
20 相信
credit trust belief acceptance credence persuade ween trow consider accept fancy esteem hold buy believe admit give credence to be of the opinion that give credit to unsuspecting trusting credent stock hope deem guess accredit
21 滥用
malversation waste abuse misuse perversion misusage punish lavish prostitute pervert misapply misspend misemploy strain
22 推测
suppositive estimated speculative suppositional shot guess calculation speculation conjecture guesswork surmise supposition extrapolation presupposition what-if speculate imagine gather calculate suppose conjectural presumption theory projection reckoning suspect punt presuppose bet factoid suppositious peradventure make divine figure out presumed presumptive supposititious extrapolate understand figure collect fathom soft stochastic divining aim supposal formbook project tell forecast
23 想像
suppositive ideal imaginative fictitious assumed imaginal supposititious idea representation fancy fiction imagination projection presumption visualisation supposition supposal think dream imagine conceive visualize reckon take feature image figure picture shape frame assume vision fantasy envision envisage conceit ween ideate supposed pretend subjective unreal metaphysical notional feigned fictive conception see represent suspect suppose fantasize feign
24 想
thinking Will think wish thought notion want feel care incline like hold expect figure guess judge imagine intend suspect suppose tempt reckon opine bethink I would like to V want to think about love to long to think to consider to
25 假定
supposed hypothetical assumed presumptive putative what-if assumptive hypothetic suppositional granted assumption hypothesis presumption postulate supposition presupposition postulation hypothesise say assume grant suppose premise put case granting that assuming that granting granted that given alleged circumstantial if reckon understand infer posit presuppose grant that hypothesize supposing take it take it that let take as read beg the question suppositive paper provisional fictitious antecedent presumed fictive presumably perhaps fiction supposal give conditional hyp. hypoth. position sumption imagine