英:[ˈsɜːtn]
美:[ˈsɜːrtn]
英:[ˈsɜːtn]
美:[ˈsɜːrtn]
cer·tain
suhr tn
比较级:more certain
最高级:most certain
词根:certain
adv.certainly 当然;行(用于回答);必定
n.certainty 必然;确实;确实的事情
Adjective
1. definite but not specified or identified;
"set aside a certain sum each week"
"to a certain degree"
"certain breeds do not make good pets"
"certain members have not paid their dues"
"a certain popular teacher"
"a certain Mrs. Jones"
2. having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured;
"felt certain of success"
"was sure (or certain) she had seen it"
"was very sure in his beliefs"
"sure of her friends"
3. established beyond doubt or question; definitely known;
"what is certain is that every effect must have a cause"
"it is certain that they were on the bus"
"his fate is certain"
"the date for the invasion is certain"
4. certain to occur; destined or inevitable;
"he was certain to fail"
"his fate is certain"
"In this life nothing is certain but death and taxes"- Benjamin Franklin
"he faced certain death"
"sudden but sure regret"
"he is sure to win"
5. established irrevocably;
"his fate is sealed"
6. capable of being depended on;
"a quick and certain remedy"
"a sure way to distinguish the two"
"wood dust is a sure sign of termites"
7. exercising or taking care great enough to bring assurance;
"be certain to disconnect the iron when you are through"
"be sure to lock the doors"
a certain extent一定程度上
a certain degree到某种程度
for certain肯定地;确凿地
certain level某一水平
a certain amount of一定数量的
certain of有把握,确信
certain effect一定的效果;确定效应
make certain弄清楚;弄确实
certain areas某些地区
to be certain肯定
under certain circumstanceadv. 在某种情况下
make certain of把…了解清楚;弄明白
certain event必然事件;全事象
这组词都有“无疑的,确信的”的意思,其区别是:
definite指已毫无怀疑的余地。
certain与sure同义,但语气比sure强,着重指有确切理由或不容置疑的证据所支持的确信。
positive语气强烈,指对自己的看法或作的结论的正确性有不可动摇的信念。
sure侧重主观上对某事确信无疑。
以上来源于网络
大约在1300年,"确定的,固定的",源自法语单词 certain "可靠的,肯定的,确保的" (12世纪),源自俗拉丁语 *certanus,这是拉丁语 certus 的扩展形式,意为"确定的,决定的,固定的,解决的",用于描述质量不变的事物,"已建立的",也是"毫无疑问的,肯定的,真实的,已证实的; 不会出错的,值得依赖的"(也是法语单词 cert,意大利语单词 certo,西班牙语单词 cierto 的来源),最初是 cernere "区分,决定"的变体过去分词,字面意思是"筛选,分离"。这个拉丁动词来自 PIE 词根 *krei- "筛选",因此"区分,辨别",这也是希腊语单词 krisis "转折点,判断,审判结果"的来源(比较 crisis)。
转移的意义,指的是对人的引用,"对自己的知识或判断充满信心,对某事或某物有确定的认识",源自14世纪中期(这在拉丁语中也有相同的意义)。在英语中,"被证实为无可置疑的真实"的含义源自大约1400年。"不确定的,没有具体命名的,已知但未描述的"的含义源自14世纪晚期。
Different as this seems to be from sense I, it is hardly separable from it in a large number of examples: thus, in [a certain hour], the hour was quite 'certain' or 'fixed', but it is not communicated to the reader; to him it remains, so far as his knowledge is concerned, quite indefinite; it may have been, as far as he knows, at any hour; though, as a fact, it was at a particular hour. [OED]
尽管这与第一种意义看起来很不同,但在大量的例子中,它几乎无法与之分开:因此,在[ a certain hour ]中, hour 是非常'确定'或'固定'的,但它并没有传达给读者; 对他来说,就他的知识而言,它仍然非常不确定; 它可能是在任何时间,尽管, as a fact,它是在特定的时间。[OED]
Lewis & Short 写道,拉丁语 certus 有时也是不确定的,"对于存在的确定性已给出,但其性质并未更明确地指定,或并未考虑到...."
因此,从18世纪中期开始,有了委婉的用法,如在 woman of a certain age 中表示"老处女"; woman of a certain description 表示"名声不好的女人"; in a certain condition 表示"怀孕"; a certain disease 表示"性病"; of a certain weight 表示"肥胖"。从1785年开始,常与专有名词一起使用,"常常带有轻微的轻蔑色彩" [OED]。Certainer, certainest 在大约1750年前是常见的,但由于某种原因已经不再适当使用。表达式for certain "肯定地"在14世纪初就有记载。
定期年金
Adjective Middle English certeyn, certayne, borrowed from Anglo-French certein, certain, going back to Vulgar Latin *certānus, from Latin certus "fixed, settled, indisputable," originally past participle of cernere "to sift, discern, decide, determine" (going back to an Indo-European present stem *kri-n-, verbal adjective *kri-to-, from a verbal base *krei̯̯̯(h1)- "sift, separate," whence Greek krī́nein "to separate, choose, decide," verbal adjective kritós, Welsh gogrynu "to sift") + -ānus + -an >entry 2 Pronoun Middle English certyn, derivative of certeyn certain >entry 1
The first known use of certain was in the 13th century
certificatenoun
a document that is proof of some factespecially: one showing that a person has fulfilled the requirements of a school or profession
teaching certificate
a document showing ownership bond certificate
stock certificate
certaintynoun
something certain
the quality or state of being or feeling certain
certainlyadverb
in a manner that is certain : for certain
the only event of which anything is certainly known
without doubt : surely
certainly you can do it
certain1 of 2adjective
fixed sense 1b
receive a certain share of the profits
not to be doubted : known to be true
it is certain that diamonds are hard
known but not named
a certain person told me
reliable, sure
a certain cure
sure to happen : bound to occur : inevitable
defeat was certain
decided in advance by or as if by fate
the plan was certain to succeed
assured in mind or action
feel certain they will come
certain2 of 2pronoun
certain ones
certain of them attended
1 The fact that the partners were expected to maintain contact throughout these clumsy contortions seemed a certain recipe for sprained ankles and embarrassing collisions.
2 I can tell you for certain that I am always honest.
我可以肯定地告诉你,我一向是老实的。
3 He told Lloyd, “I am pretty certain that we have assassinated the president and Secretary Seward.”
4 She looks certain to win an Oscar.
看来奥斯卡金像奖非她莫属。
5 But it was he who tried to reassure me: “It’s not certain yet. There’s still a chance. Today, they will do another selection ... a decisive one . . .” I said nothing.
6 While I clear the breakfast dishes, Uhmma takes her Bible down from a shelf and opens it to a certain page.
7 “I had to travel to London and, at a certain time in a certain place, drop a small piece of chalk and tread on it,” she explained.
8 I ducked out of Marcus’s crushing hug to peek over the top of the stall door and make certain we were still alone.
9 He is certain that baby Vincent would be healthier growing up in the countryside.
10 When he left, Kathy already felt more certain about her faith.
11 But Piper was certain the snake king was hiding his true intentions.
12 No, she was quite certain he never would.
13 He loved her, she knew, but he lacked a certain strength; his backbone was softened by duty.
14 That spring, we had felt a certain thawing on the part of the authorities, a relaxation of the iron-fisted discipline that had prevailed on the island.
15 Or perhaps it was that his voice held a certain resonance.
16 “You may be certain that I laugh because they fail. O, those people with Miss Havisham, and the tortures they undergo!”
17 Not one among them seemed certain of what they were doing.
18 “I magonu, you know, what I am saying is that our women who follow white men are a certain type, a poor family and the kind of bodies that white men like.”
19 “Let us review the case as it stands at this moment. First, there are certain indisputable facts. This man Ratchett, or Cassetti, was stabbed in twelve places and died last night. That is fact one.”
20 The wind was blowing from the west, and it was difficult to be certain but he thought he heard the low hum of an engine.
2 预定
foregone destined predestinate predestination destine predetermine bespeak preordain predestine book mark out for set due forward intended intend cut and dried
3 确切的
4 无可争议的
5 某某
6 指定的
7 一些
several some any thing bit inch gaggle soupcon a few a couple a number of a degree some few few amount a certain certain of number
8 一定
sure given definite certainly definitely must beyond all question bound to sure enough without fail specific safe regular fixed determinate so effectually shall at all risks I dare swear by the lord Harry as the sparks fly upward on conscience by the holy poker in conscience honor bright be sure and do my oath if a day constant uniform invariable apodictic necessarily anytime be bound to to a certainty by Heavens upon conscience upon my soul by all manner of means rely upon it be sure to
9 一定的
given definite bound to sure specific safe regular fixed determinate constant uniform invariable apodictic
10 必然
necessary inevitable consequential naturally doubtless perforce certes I bet a matter of course beyond peradventure without peradventure depend upon it bound obligatory certainly automatically necessarily automatic inevitably in the nature of things dead fatal consequent apodeictic presently needful perdie necessity infallible hell-bent apodictic infallibly as the sparks fly upward must needs do of necessity logical necessitous unescapable surely anytime ineluctably pardi must inevitability by the nature of the case by the nature of things from the nature of the case from the nature of things in the nature of the case to a certainty as a necessity
12 可靠的
solid steady hard sound responsible reliable authentic faithful dependable authoritative trusty staunch blue-chip unfailing bankable good sure true safe trustworthy infallible veracious straight-up fast constant honest credible unerring regular secure straight classic substantial pat tried stalwart trouble-free dinkum fiducial surefire echt surefooted pucka right tight creditable bread-and-butter calculable pukka copper-bottomed sterling reassuring tried-and-true all-right soothfast firm as rock solid as rock steady as rock
14 明确
specific positive broad distinct definitive definite tangible downright assertive categorical unambiguous unequivocal forthright decided determinate flat-footed unambivalent definitely plain in terms
15 不可避免地
16 注定的
17 可信的
18 某事
19 确知
20 某一
21 确信
positive certainty certitude know sure confident satisfied convinced conviction depend bet satisfy unerring certainly confirm convince trust put shirt on assure put your money on safe in the knowledge that depend on count on depend upon cocksure security confidence assurance assured persuasion positivity believe perfect clear secure bold belief surety positivism convincement persuade oneself bring home to be borne in upon feel in bones strong confidently assuringly avouchment faith reassurance assuredness positiveness avouch be confident of be convinced of be persuaded of feel sure of make certain of bet your boots bring home be persuaded be certain of make sure of feel sure
22 无疑
sure clear absolute transparent outright unquestionable undoubted easily certainly clearly surely decidedly beyond all doubt no doubt for certain without doubt positive definite decisive doubtless incontrovertible assuredly beyond question out of question for a certainty beyond peradventure without peradventure there is no question of sure as eggs is eggs all right beyond any doubt right enough jolly well for sure beyond doubt undoubtedly beyond flat out heaven knows question moral undisputed decided hands-down assured assuring questionless honest arguably admittedly distinctly unquestionably verily concededly pardi without dispute out of dispute past dispute depend upon it without a doubt without question there is no doubt that far and away depend on it beyond dispute
24 有些
25 可确定的
27 相当的
tol-lol good possible pretty powerful fair proper equal representative suitable equivalent substantial considerable corresponding competent comparative measurable proportionate commensurate becoming perceptible answerable condign gey fairish smartish proportionable smart respectable appreciable pumpkin quite a to match some large due round comparable hefty correspondent answering tantamount equipotent much of a
28 肯定
clear firm absolute definite affirmative favourable emphatic decided undoubted definitely decidedly assuredly confirmation affirmation support tell confirm jolly well without fail sure positive confident distinct explicit assertive unquestionable unquestioned unchallengeable unambivalent verily but absolutely yea surety undertake affirm by all odds damned well every time for certain damn well in spades flat bound surefire easily certainly surely firmly positively doubtless certainty predicate as clear as day clear as day you can bet your life as sure as eggs is eggs sure as eggs is eggs as sure as hell no doubt for sure to be sure be sure to sure as hell be sure of confidence conviction reassurance know you can bet your life bottom dollar on that you can bet your life bottom dollar on you can bet your life bottom dollar you can bet your your bottom dollar on that you can bet your your bottom dollar on you can bet your your bottom dollar up and down assured destined undoubtedly emphatically four-square must assure safe in the knowledge that in the affirmative secure racked affirmatory infallibly fucking-A pardi warrant by odds of a surety in a hand basket
29 某些
30 千真万确的
31 必然地
32 稍微
33 某
34 相当
tol-lol good possible pretty powerful fair proper equal representative suitable equivalent substantial considerable corresponding competent comparative measurable proportionate commensurate becoming perceptible answerable condign gey fairish smartish proportionable some well something rather quite properly fairly middling so-and-so lot correspondence equivalence equivalency correspondency correspond smart respectable appreciable enough gay pumpkin even quite a to match quite a bit on the safe side large due round comparable hefty correspondent answering tantamount equipotent to befit much of a
35 某个
36 确定的
positive firm defined conclusive sure clear solid fixed concrete definite decided determinate for sure set confident definitive assertory affirmant hundred-percent corroborant secure established convinced assured decisive vested unquestionable hands-down determinative corroborative surefire
39 可靠
good sure sound true safe responsible solid reliable steady authentic trustworthy dependable trusty infallible unfailing veracious fidelity straight-up hard fast constant honest credible authoritative staunch unerring bankable credit on the safe side hold water regular secure straight classic substantial faithful pat tried stalwart trouble-free dinkum fiducial surefire echt surefooted pucka wash trustworthiness right tight creditable bread-and-butter calculable pukka copper-bottomed sicker trust depend sterling reassuring tried-and-true all-right soothfast reliably unfailingly authenticity firm as rock solid as rock steady as rock
40 确实的
true authentic categorical undoubted unfailing sure hard safe positive straight dead reliable absolute moral satisfying tangible assured tried undisputed veritable emphatic indisputable indubitable surefire
41 正确的
kee-rect just right sure sound perfect true error correct straight valid faithful refined kosher scrupulous clean-cut unerring giusto vindicable dead proper exact chill exquisite veracious unmistaken according to Cocker spot-on inerrable accurate precise literal machinelike ungarbled
42 确定
final positive given concrete determinate finally certainly assuredly assessment determination state name tell determine establish stick fix assign assess verify assure nominate ascertain vouch for certain fix on firm defined conclusive surely certainty firmness certitude set put appoint pinpoint firm up read off sure clear solid fixed definite decided firmly confirmation decide identify define confirm settle clinch it make sure make sure that for sure established assured identification seal clinch earmark confident definitive positively finalize pin down nail down assertory affirmant hundred-percent corroborant secure convinced decisive vested unquestionable hands-down determinative corroborative surefire assertorily rightly doubtless affirmatively assertively indubitably fixedly determinately establishment verification affirmation affirmance fixedness indubitability definitize insure affirm cinch corroborate for a certainty for a cert fasten down rely upon it with certainty
43 不可避免的
sure necessary fatal inevitable imperative indispensable unavoidable inescapable foregone ineluctable necessitous
44 必然的
necessary inevitable consequential automatic obligatory dead infallible hell-bent apodictic logical consequent necessitous unescapable apodeictic
46 某人
47 正确
kee-rect just right sure sound perfect true error correct straight valid faithful refined kosher scrupulous clean-cut unerring truly rightly soundly aright justice accuracy validity veracity nicety rightness rectitude exactitude correctitude giusto vindicable dead proper exact chill exquisite veracious unmistaken well exactly properly nicely exactness trueness according to Cocker by the book like a book spot-on inerrable accurate precise literal machinelike ungarbled inerrably correctly accurately precisely justly validly validness inerrability precision correctness fineness preciseness to a tee to a tittle on the beam in perspective chapter and verse
48 明确的
specific positive broad distinct definitive definite tangible downright assertive categorical unambiguous unequivocal forthright decided determinate flat-footed unambivalent
49 固定
inerratic set constant fixed stable standing steady built-in consolidate stationary consolidated pointed seated steadfast settled immobile immovable self-centered staid fixative moveless unremoved consol. con. cons. lock fixture fixing anchorage fixation tie-down holdfast fix anchor fixate stitch congeal stop stay establish seat pitch embed clamp moor rivet belay immobilize
50 毫无疑问的
53 某种
54 微小的
minute remote tiny delicate faint microscopic scant diminutive paltry minuscule pygmy itty-bitty Lilliputian exiguous tiddly micro-
55 必然发生的
56 固定的
inerratic set constant fixed stable standing steady built-in consolidate stationary consolidated pointed seated steadfast settled immobile immovable self-centered staid fixative moveless unremoved consol. con. cons.
57 肯定的
sure positive definite affirmative unquestionable unambivalent dollars to doughnuts clear confident distinct explicit assertive decided unquestioned undoubted unchallengeable flat bound surefire positively as clear as day clear as day for sure assured favourable destined secure doubtless racked affirmatory
59 不可避免
inevitable inescapable necessarily inevitably it can't be helped sure necessary fatal imperative indispensable unavoidable foregone ineluctable necessitous fatally of necessity
60 无疑的
clear implicit undoubted axiomatic unchallengeable beyond dispute positive absolute definite decisive doubtless incontrovertible sure question moral undisputed decided hands-down questionless without dispute
61 确实
true authentic categorical undoubted unfailing really certainly security certainty authenticity fidelity sincerity verity certitude of a surety all right real absolute concrete distinct cast-iron unquestionable just sure actually simply definitely truly honestly precisely decidedly forsooth beyond any doubt I'm telling you ever ever such a ever so such a goodness knows I tell you I can tell you straight up beyond doubt God knows near enough if ever there was Heaven knows if ever there was one hard safe positive straight dead reliable moral satisfying tangible assured tried undisputed veritable emphatic indisputable indubitable surefire jonnock so fair surely frankly amen duly pardi assurance validity surety positivity solidity for sooth without fault right enough without a word of lie by God