英:[ˈrefrəns]
美:[ˈrefrəns]
英:[ˈrefrəns]
美:[ˈrefrəns]
n.
提及
查询
征求
引语
编号
参考书目
推荐信
介绍人
adj.
供参考的
v.
引用
ref·er·ence
re f rns [or] re frns
复数:references
第三人称单数:references
现在分词:referencing
过去式:referenced
过去分词:referenced
词根:refer
adj.referenced 引用的,参考的
referential 指示的;用作参考的
referable 可归因于…;可参考的;可交付的;可涉及的
n.referral 参照;提及;被推举的人;转诊病人
referee 裁判员;调解人;介绍人
referent 指示物;指示对象
v.referenced 引用(reference的过去分词);附…以供参考
vi.refer 参考;涉及;提到;查阅
referee 仲裁;担任裁判
vt.refer 涉及;委托;归诸于;使…求助于
referee 为…当裁判;调停
Noun
1. a remark that calls attention to something or someone;
"she made frequent mention of her promotion"
"there was no mention of it"
"the speaker made several references to his wife"
2. a short note recognizing a source of information or of a quoted passage;
"the student's essay failed to list several important citations"
"the acknowledgments are usually printed at the front of a book"
"the article includes mention of similar clinical cases"
3. an indicator that orients you generally;
"it is used as a reference for comparing the heating and the electrical energy involved"
4. a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts;
"he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic"
5. a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability;
"requests for character references are all to often answered evasively"
6. the most direct or specific meaning of a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to;
"the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos"
7. the act of referring or consulting;
"reference to an encyclopedia produced the answer"
8. a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to;
"he carried an armful of references back to his desk"
"he spent hours looking for the source of that quotation"
9. the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to;
"he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes"
Verb
1. refer to;
"he referenced his colleagues' work"
for reference以供参考;备案
with reference to关于(等于in reference to)
reference value参考值;标准值;参照值
in reference to关于
for your reference供您参考;供你方参考
reference service咨询服务;查阅服务
by reference通过引用
reference model参考模型
reference data参考数据;参照资料
without reference to不管;与…无关;没有提及
reference material参考资料;参考材料
reference frame参考系,参考坐标系
reference point参考点;控制点
reference book参考书;工具书
frame of reference[物]参照系;[数]坐标;参照标准
reference system[化]参考系
future reference备查
terms of reference受权调查范围
make reference参考;访问;查找;提及
reference room资料室;参考资料室;参考书阅览室
citation引用某人先前的说话
quotations照搬原文
reference参考
以上来源于网络
1580年代,“引用”(某些事情,向某人提出考虑)的行为,来自 refer + -ance,或者来自法语 référence,源自中世纪拉丁语 *referentia,源自拉丁语 referentem(nominative referens),现在分词 referre。
意思是“指向书或段落”,可以找到某些信息,记录于1610年代。到1837年,“可以参考的人或物”的意思。意思是“证明书”来自1895年。Reference book,字典,百科全书或类似书籍,旨在根据需要进行咨询,可以追溯到1808年; reference library 在1834年之前。短语 in reference to 可以追溯到1590年代。 “由于粗心大意的扩展,这个词现在经常被用来指一个人,他被允许作为证人证明性格,甚至是书面证明”[福勒,1926]。早期用于“为寻求就业的人提供角色”的词是 referee(1862),但这个词有一个不好的味道,即职业乞丐和小偷的有文化的同谋。
指称
保证人
The first known use of reference was in 1579
refuse1 of 2verb
to say one will not accept : reject
refused the money
to show or express positive unwillingness
refused to act
to say one will not grant : deny
was refused entrance
to withhold the accepting, following, or permitting of something
refuse2 of 2noun
worthless things : trash
refrain1 of 2verb
to hold oneself back
refrain from laughing
refrain2 of 2noun
a regularly repeated phrase or verse of a poem or song : chorus
reference1 of 2noun
the act of referring
a relation to or concern with something : respect
with reference to what was said
a remark referring to something : allusion
made reference to our agreement
a sign or indication referring a reader to another book or portion of a written work
use as sources of information
volumes for ready reference
a person to whom questions as to another person's honesty or ability can be addressed
a statement of the qualifications of a person seeking employment or appointment given by someone familiar with them
a book, document, or portion of a written work to which a reader is referred
reference2 of 2adjective
used or usable for reference
a reference point
reference1 of 2noun
the act of referring
a relation to or concern with something : respect
with reference to what was said
a remark referring to something : allusion
made reference to our agreement
a sign or indication referring a reader to another book or portion of a written work
use as sources of information
volumes for ready reference
a person to whom questions as to another person's honesty or ability can be addressed
a statement of the qualifications of a person seeking employment or appointment given by someone familiar with them
a book, document, or portion of a written work to which a reader is referred
reference2 of 2adjective
used or usable for reference
a reference point
reference1 of 2noun
the act of referring
a relation to or concern with something : respect
with reference to what was said
a remark referring to something : allusion
made reference to our agreement
a sign or indication referring a reader to another book or portion of a written work
use as sources of information
volumes for ready reference
a person to whom questions as to another person's honesty or ability can be addressed
a statement of the qualifications of a person seeking employment or appointment given by someone familiar with them
a book, document, or portion of a written work to which a reader is referred
reference2 of 2adjective
used or usable for reference
a reference point
reference1 of 2adjective
of known potency and used as a standard in the biological assay of a sample of the same drug of unknown strength
a dose of reference cod-liver oil
reference2 of 2
see idea of reference
1 Then again, ancient statues weren’t always a good reference.
2 Simple slot machine program. VB has green hand on the reference value.
简单的老虎机程序. 对VB新手有参考价值.
3 Specification available: Reference to specification table, special Specification also can be ordered.
规格选择: 参照表格, 特殊规格可定制.
4 And they recommended that the NIH establish a reference collection of cells: a central bank where all cultures would be tested, cataloged, and stored under maximum security, using state-of-the-art sterile techniques.
5 I usually spend after hours reading reference books after class, as to enrich my knowledge reserve.
课外我常常要用大量的时间阅读有关参考书籍, 以此来加大自己的知识储备量.
6 My first sighting is in a news story referencing the Dark Days.
7 The library contains many popular works of reference (= reference books) .
这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。
8 This is hard to see without reference to a globe.
如果不参照着一个地球仪来看,这是很难理解的.
9 For example, the song “Christofo Columbo” chronicles much of the famed voyage including detailed geographic references in a fun and light song.
10 Their partnerships were known as “white-shoe” firms — in apparent reference to the white bucks favored at the country club or a cocktail party, and they were very particular in whom they hired.
11 “Oh, I make it a rule never to give references,” said the other firmly.
12 From the moment I saw the title, I was certain the second line of the Limerick was a reference to it.
13 She tasked the oldest students with looking up each reference from the song in the Bible and figuring out who were the “eight who stood at the gate,” then writing about one of them.
14 I make a note to investigate this reference later.
15 All references to his privacy were edited out of the tape.
录音带上涉及到他私生活的内容统统都给删去了.
16 But this reference to our getting “bigger” reminded me of my original mission.
17 In some schools, Christmas carols are being modified to exclude any reference to Christ.
某些学校正在对圣诞颂歌进行修改,删除提及耶稣的内容。
18 When I finish the model, hours later, Guillermo inspects it and then uses it to pencil different reference points on my practice rock that mark where I’ll cut in for “shoulders” and “heads.”
19 Keep the list of numbers near the phone for easy reference.
把电话号码表放在电话旁边,方便查找。
20 "I think their band name is a reference to, like, this physicist guy," I say.
1 证明书
certificate testimonial docket certification warrant attestation character bill voucher testamur ticket cedula
2 标记
mark stamp trademark marking signage tag flag smoke signal label patch marker badge emblem insignia earmark
5 身分证明人
6 引言
10 参考
referential consultation referral refer make reference to consult of refer to guideline pertinent
12 征询
13 委托
trust commission authorization consignment bailment consignation put leave charge recommend submit commit authorize resign accredit commend entrust relegate confide devolve consign intrust mandatory commitment referral relegation give refer delegate bail depute true to recommend to deposition address subject repose
14 咨询人
15 暗示
suggestive note suggestion breath hint implication cue pointer smack inkling tip-off intimation suggest imply intimate drop a hint a hint
16 查询
rogatory inquiry apply refer demand inquire make an inquiry enquiry consult interrogate inquest quaere
22 指示
indicial directive indicative demonstrative deictic indicant word charge direction instruction index appointment brief indication designation rubric dictation pointing deixis prescribe say show order rule direct mark indicate command demonstrate appoint instruct monstrative pilot prescriptive denotative ordinant pointer dictate edict denotation point tell Read register designate denote betoken
23 委托权限
24 论到
25 注意
careful cautious attentive watchful observing advertent up note care application eye notice attention regard guard ear alert caution remark lookout heed cognizance tendance advertence look mark attend listen bend behold advert hearken point mind draw arrest attract dig beware twig list pay attention to take notice take notice of have regard to have set eyes on take it into head keep eyes on keep tap on be with it
26 基准的
29 介绍人
30 咨询
advisory consultation counsel counselling advise take counsel consulting consultative referential consult
31 鉴定书
35 牵涉
37 推荐信
39 关连
41 表示
representative indicative demonstrative denotative indicant exhibitive sign display presentation representation profession indication token gesture reflex undertone signification presentment denotation pro- show refer have say give design pay represent indicate register import render designate testify signify denote infer harp profess evince betoken
43 相互关系
44 引用文
45 参考文献
46 关联
relative referential relationship connection respect relation sequence bearing incidence relevance solidarity linkage tie-in tie-up relational correlative correlation correlate
47 所指
49 参考书
51 服务经历
52 提交
tender present subject submit lay porrect submission file propose render hand in exhibit lodge
55 询问
questionary demand inquiry ask question apply refer speer spier inquire zetetic query quiz enquiry examine enquire ask after
57 关系
relative part link term relationship pull connection concern respect traffic tie regard relation sequence sake bearing dealing nexus footing rapport tie-in concernment in hand affiliation relatedness guanxi touch in connection with involvement business import liaison with refer relational affinity tie-up situation participation connexion
59 参考的
61 涉及
of by cover implicate concerning apply concern extend encompass appertain to range over refer to deal with relate to bear on
63 参照
referential referral cf refer see confer natural religion Central Powers companionate marriage collegiate church English setter baby bust Union flag silver wedding anniversary silver wedding Ascension Day ordinal number philosophers' stone philosopher's stone before Christ All Saints' Day hear tell solar day Jack Frost audio visual aids St George's cross St Patrick's cross name day St Leger depth psychology Society Islands hair implant hot saw Authorized Version the seven cardinal virtues the seven principal virtues Yours ever Richard Roe dollar area American organ hair transplant Julian calender Lizard Head broad arrow troy weight text edition cardinal number cardinal virtues gray market die in boots sponge rubber sport fish Gulliver's Travels high density lipoprotein dry measure nonunion shop Northeast Passage Deutsche mark continental climate half mourning Arabic numerals Arabian camel straight flush royal flush giant sequoia century plant tulip tree Treasury bench Gunpowder Plot funny ha ha urban district purchase tax tied house Girl Guide hunting box cloth cap terraced house High Sheriff public bar ultimate constituent parent element daughter element free form compound sentence amplitude modulation solar year steady state theory big bang theory binary digit Y chromosome X chromosome bush warbler Confederate State Cal Tech spoils system night letter universal product code second papers day letter chest voice head voice reed organ cat suit dolman sleeve noncommissioned officer survivor syndrome Electra complex bend sinister ethyl alcohol cable's length stroke play petit jury petty jury direct current B battery double entry Yellow Book One Thousand Guineas Two Thousand Guineas revenue expenditure current assets Slave State white tie United Press International vide infra open bar Spanish America pull date San Antonio national service big game black pepper foreign minister National League news media red wine board of education yellow light Girl Scout Associated Press reserve bank panel discussion Cape Town cash crop East End Kentucky Derby high gear standard time red giant petty officer American League black tie condensed milk complex sentence New Style Veterans Day beat generation Old English dressing gown Northwest Passage Roman nose place mat survivor guilt closed circuit Old Style Carnegie Institution Blue Book Robinson Crusoe steel wool visual aids blank verse physical science hear say Radio City narrow gauge physical anthropology social anthropology alternating current Bactrian camel evening star Santa Fe Trail grand jury
64 证明人
65 参考书目